Find the key sentences to each paragraph.

7. Summarize the content of the article using the phrases:

VI. WRITING

8. Write an abstract to the article “Why don’t scientists admit they’re human?” use the following phrases:

The paper deals with ….

The investigation (the research) is carried out ….

The experiment (analysis) is made ….

The research includes (covers, consists of) ….

The data (the results of …) are presented (given, analyzed, compared with, collected).

The purpose of the research is to prove (test, develop, summarize, find) ….

Special attention is paid (given) to ….

Some factors are taken into consideration (account) ….

The scientists conclude (come to conclusion) ….

The paper (instrument) is designed for ….

A brief account is given of ….

The author refers to …

Reference is made to ….

The author gives a review of ….

There are several solutions of the problem ….

There is some interesting information in the paper ….

It is expected (observed) that ….

It is reported (known, demonstrated) that ….

It appears (seems, proves) that ….

It is necessary to introduce ….

It is impossible to account for ….

It should be remembered (noted, mentioned) ….

VII. LEARN TO LISTEN and SPEAK

Listen to the text “Tunnel vision”.

What is “tunnel vision”?

What proverbs imply a hint of regret for the old and fear for the new?

What helps scientists overcome “tunnel vision”?

What did Steve Jobs, John von Neumann and Roger von Oech develop and how?

VIII. DO IT YOURSELF

10. Write a short abstract of an article which:

A. you have written for an scientific journal

B. you have recently read

Think of the book you have recently read. Summarize its content and say whether this book was worth reading and why.

MODULE TWO

SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION

UNIT ONE

THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE – LANGUAGE of INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION

I. WARM-UP

Complete the following sentences. Use the words in in the box if you like. Then compare with other people in the class.

“For me, learning English is_______________________.”

Why are you learning English? Complete the sentences below and number them in order of importance for you. Compare with a partner.

In general, I want to:

a ________________ more confident when I speak.

b________________ my listening skills.

c________________ lots of new vocabulary.

d_______________ fewer grammar mistakes.

e _______________ better clear English.

f _______________ without using a dictionary.

In particular, I need English for:

Are you learning English for some other reasons? Add them to the list above.

II. READING

4. How much do you know about the world’s major language? Try the quiz. Then check your answers in the article “English Inc.”

Test your knowledge…

1. Approximately how many languages are there in the world?

a. 650 b. 6,500 c. 65,000 d. 650 000

2. Order the world’s top ten languages according to the number of native speakers.

Portuguese _ Arabic _

Chinese _ Japanese _

Russian _ German _

English _ Spanish _

Hindi _ Bengali _

3. How many people speak English as a first, second or third language?

a. 0,5 billion b. 1 billion c. 1,5 billion d. 2 billion

4. In a recent survey, how many Europeans said everyone should speak English?

a. 49% b. 69% c. 89% d. 99%

5. How much of the world’s mail is written in English?

a. 25% b. 50% c. 75% d. 90%

6. How much of the world’s mail is written in English?

a. 50% b. 60% c. 70% d. 80%

7. How many languages disappear every year?

a. 2 b. 5 c. 10 d. 20

8. What is the world record for the most foreign languages spoken by one person?

a. 14 b. 24 c. 44 d. 64

9. Where is the record holder in 8 from?

a. the USA b. Singapore c. Holland d. Nigeria

ENGLISH INC.

English is to international communication what VHS is to video, Microsoft to software and Pentium to the microchip. It is, for better or worse, the “industry standard”. And those who don’t speak at least a little risk losing business to the increasing number who do. A quarter of the planet currently speaks English. That is one and a half billion people, two-thirds of whom speak it as a foreign language.

In a recent survey, 69% of Europeans said they thought everyone should speak English. More than half of them already do. For most, it’s not a question of choice but of necessity, as English has rapidly become the first language of business, science and popular culture. Three-quarters of the world’s mail is in English. So are four out of five e-mails and most of what you find on the Internet.

However not everyone welcomes the linguistic monopoly. The French Ministry of Finance, for instance, recently surprised the international business community by banning English terms like e-mail and Internet. In fact seven teams of language experts have been employed to come up with French alternatives. Le Web is not acceptable. La toile is. And when the French president himself referred to start-up companies as les start-upistes in a televised speech, he was strongly criticized for failing to defend France against the advance of the English language.

The French have a point. Twenty languages disappear every year because nobody speaks them anymore. At that rate, by the end of the 21^st century almost a third of the world’s six and a half thousand languages will be dead. Even in Germany, where Denglish is fashionable, and phrases like Jointventure, Powerpartner and Fitness-training are common, the leader of Free Democrats has expressed concern about the “flood of Anglicism descending on us from the media, advertisinf, product description, and technology”. Some go so far as to call it “a form of violence”.

Maybe it is, and big business certainly accelerates the process. As Professor David Crystal, author of the The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language, puts it, “wave dollar bills in front of someone, and they will learn complicated spelling and grammar”.

But what about people who learn foreign languages just for fun? A 37-year-old American, Gregg Cox, has taken this simple pleasure to extremes. He holds the world record for speaking the most foreign languages – sixty-four at the last count! He would undoubtedly be an asset to any company doing international business. But for those of us who are less gifted linguistically, the power of the American dollar means there may soon be only one foreign language we need to learn, and that language will be English.

The number of native speakers of the world’s top ten languages:

1. Chinese 726m 6. Portuguese 165m

2. English 427m 7. Bengali 162m

3. Spanish 266m 8. Russian 158m

4. Hindi 182m 9. Japanese 124m

5. Arabic 181m 10. German 121m

III. GRAMMAR REVISION

IV. SPEAKING

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