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I take your photo apparatus and make a photo of Nelson’s Column?a)Can b) Must c)May
When children come to junior school for the first time, their teachers2 todivide them into three streams – A, B, C on their infant school marks and sometimes after a special test. The brightest children 3 to go to the A-stream and the least gifted go to the C-stream. At the end of their junior school English children usually 4write their Eleven Plus Examination on the results of which they will go next September to a secondary school of a certain type. These examinations show only mental abilities of children, not their knowledge. There are different secondary schools in England: modern, technical, grammar and comprehensive secondary schools. Modern schools do not provide complete secondary education, the programmes are rather limited in comparison with another secondary schools. Grammar schools provide a full theoretical secondary education, a student 5choose subjects and languages to study there. If any student leaves grammar school after a five-year course, he or she 6take General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) at the ordinary level as all school leavers in Great Britain. Secondary technical schools teach many general subjects together with woodwork, metalwork, needlework typing and etc. Almost ninety per cent of children study at comprehensive schools. The latter combine under one roof the courses of three above mentioned schools, so their number is constantly growing. At the end of the compulsory attendance cycle of education (at 16) pupils 7 take examinations to get their General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE). GCSE was introduced in 1989. Secondary school lasts either until the end of the compulsory attendance cycle or includes two final years of secondary education generally known in Britain (for historical reasons) as «the sixth form» when pupils get academic vocational courses at a special tertiary college. During two voluntary years of schooling pupil 8 to specialize in two or three subjects and take the GCSE of Advanced Level (A-Level) examination to enter a university, polytechnic or another college of higher education. Advanced Supplementary Levels (AS Levels) give additional knowledge on any subject and they are connected with a particular university or group of universities. Now children 9be assessed on their class work and homework as well as in the examination room. The academic year 10 to begin in September. It consists of 3 terms with holidays for Christmas, Easter and the month in August. Еach term has a mid-term one week holiday known as half-term. Scotland has a slightly different educational system. Children stay in primary school until twelve. They take the Scottish Certificate of Education usually at the age of sixteen which is more like continental European examinations. For less academically inclined children a Certificate of Prevocational Education was introduced in 1986 to prepare for work and vocational courses.
Таблица 1 Schooling in the UK
The brightest/the least gifted children самые /наименее способные к обучению дети А state-funded school школа на государственном обеспечении (бесплатная) A fee-paying school платная школа А primary school начальная школа для детей 5-11 лет Аn infant school первая ступень начального образования, школа для детей 5-7 лет А junior school вторая ступень начального образования для детей 7-11 лет А secondary comprehensive school средняя общеобразовательная школа А stream поток А compulsory attendance cycle период обязательного обучения А tertiary/sixth-form college подготовительный колледж (среднее учебное заведение для молодежи старше 16 лет, государственное или частное) А General Certificate of Secondary Educational (GSCE) аттестат о среднем образовании To assess оценивать А vocational course курс профессиональной подготовки GCSE Advanced Level (GCSE A-Level) выпускные экзамены за курс продвинутого уровня Аn Advanced Supplementary Level курс/экзамен углубленного изучения какого-либо предмета А Certificate of Prevocational Education удостоверение/аттестат о получении начального профессионального образования Аn academic year учебный год А mid term one week holiday/half term однонедельные каникулы в середине семестра
1. 2. а)should b) are c) ought 3. а)should b) need c) ought 4. a) are allowed b) can c) must 5. a)need b)canc) may 6. a) mayb) must c) are able 7. a)should b)have to c) are able 8. a)are b) have c) are allowed 9. a) mayb) are allowed c) are able 10. a) oughtb) is c) may
СТРАДАТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ (THE PASSIVE VOICE)
не могут быть использованы в предложениях, приведенных ниже: 1. These roses in the garden … three times a week. a)you should pourb) can be poured c) should be poured 2. The foreign students … many questions about the history of the British. a)won't be asked b) didn't be asked c) weren't be asked 3. As he does not know English table manners, he … about them. a)must be informed b) will be informed c) is informed 4. The logs … too long for the fireplace. (usually) a)were cut b) are being cut c) are cut 5. Admiral Nelson … in sea battle against the French in 1805. a)will be badly wounded b) was badly wounded c) had been badly wounded 6. The book «Oliver Twist» after Ch. Dickens … everywhere as a rule. a)is looked for b) is being looked for c) was looked for 7. Oliver Twist … at in his childhood. a)was laughed b) had been laughed c) laughes 8. Nora … with the housework. a)is helped b) will help c) won't be helped 9. The picture «The Hay Wain» … by John Constable. a)can be painted b) painted c) was painted 10. Vivien Leigh … by the Oscar Prize for the film «Gone with the wind». a) was nominated b) had been nominated c) will be nominated
Упражнение 42. Заполните пропуски в тексте подходящими по смыслу грамматическими формами глаголов в страдательном залоге:
The thistle, a prickly-leaved purple flower, 5 as a national emblem of Scotland not by chance. It was first used in the XVIIIth century as a symbol of Defense. The answer can 6 in the history of the country. The thorn7 by the people of Scotland many years ago, because it had saved their land from invaders. The legend says that during the surprise night attack by the invaders the Scottish soldiers 8 by the shouts of the invaders as their bare feet touched the thorns of the thistles in the field they were crossing. This is a good reason to choose the thistle as an national emblem! The thistle is an official emblem, but a tartan pattern 9on many Scottish products. The Scottish bluebell is also seen as the flower of Scotland.
The Tudor Rose Роза Тюдоров
A shamrock [‘ʃæmrɒk] трилистник, разновидность клевера A leek лук-порей A daffodil [‘dæfədil] нарцисс Оne can see people walking around London with leeks and daffodils pinned to their coats Можно встретить людей в Лондоне с луком-пореем и нарциссами, пришпиленными к одежде. A thistle [θisl] чертополох А symbol of Defense символ защиты А thorn колючка, шип А surprise night attack внезапное ночное нападение A monk [mɒŋk] монах A teetotaler [,ti:’təυt(ə)lə] трезвенник A clover [’kləυvə] клевер The Trinity [‘triniti] Святая Троица He used its sermons to represent how the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit could all exist as separate elements of the same entity. Он использовалего семена, чтобы объяснить единство Сына, Отца и Святого Духа, как они все существуют как отдельные элементы одного целого.
1. 2. а) will be considered b) is considered c) was considered 3. a) were adopted b) has been adopted c) are adopted 4. a) have been takenb) are takenc) had been taken 5. a) is chosen b)was chosen c) were chosen 6. a) is found b) was found c) be found 7. a) was pointed out b) is pointed out c) had been pointed out 8. a) are awoken b) is awoken c) were awoken 9. a) is designedb) be designed c) has been designed 10. a) were associated b) are associatedc) was associated
Public schools 4 as either all-boys or all-girls now. They can be full boarding, where pupils live the whole academic year except holidays; normal, when students return home every day; and mixed, the pupils there can stay or go home. The first thing you need know is money as up £ 20 000 a year 5 at some public schools. Only about six per cent of the British can afford them. The grants 6 for bright children but competition is very high. The next point is to belong to the right class as the class system is still very important. So public education is a privilege of the middle and upper classes. The backbone of the independent educational sector 7 by public schools. The most famous public schools are Eton, Harrow, Rugby. Among several hundred public schools the most famous are the «Clarendon Nine»: Winchester (founded in 1382), Eton (1440), St. Paul's (1509), Shrewsbury (1552), Westminster (1560), the Merchant Taylor’s (1561), Rugby (1567), Harrow (1571), Charterhouse (1611). The golden age of the public schools 8 in the end of the 19th century. They were vital to establishment of a particular outlook and set values by the dominant professional classes. Its emphasis 9 on the making of gentlemen to enter one of the professions: law, medicine, the Church, the civil service or colonial service. A career in commerce, or «mere man making» 10. Many parents want to send their children to public schools. These schools have special register lists. Eton maintains two lists: one for children of «old boys» (their leavers) and the other for outsiders. But such schools are careful not to expand to meet demand. This rush to private education is despite the steep rise in fees. In order to obtain a place in a public school, children must take a competitive examination, called «Common Entrance». In order to pass it, most children destined for a public school education attend a preparatory (or а prep') school until the age of 13. Most candidates have to attend an interview, do well at primary school and pass a test. A public To be funded for the poor by charities финансироваться на деньги от благотворительности To turn into expensive private educational establishments превратиться в образовательные учреждения с высокой платой за обучение All-boys/all-girls/full boarding/normal/mixedschools только для мальчиков/только для девочек/интернаты/стандартные/смешанного типа школы To charge назначать цену To afford позволять A grant for bright children грант/дотация/субсидия для одаренных детей A privilege of the middle and upper classes преимущественное право/привилегия для представителей среднего и высшего классов общества A backbone основа Making of gentlemen to enter one of the professions: law, medicine, the Church, the civil service or colonial service. Bоспитание джентльмена и овладение профессиями: юриспруденцией, медициной, поступление на церковную, государственную и колониальную службу «Common Entrance» вступительный экзамен в привилегированную частную среднюю школу закрытого типа
1. a) be called b) call c) are called 2. а) are funded b) were funded c) funded 3. a) were named b) was named c) had been named 4. a) are run b) are being runc) run 5. a)is charged b)are charged c) were charged 6. a) are set b) were set c) will be set 7. a) had been formed b) is forming c) is formed 8. a) is marked b) was marked c) is marking 9. a) was put b) was being put c) had been put 10. a) is consideredb) was considered c) was not considered НЕЛИЧНЫЕ ФОРМЫ ГЛАГОЛА
Рис. 15. Классификация неличных форм глагола
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Упражнение 40 . Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами:
All children at the age from five to sixteen attend school in three countries of the UK: England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Schooling is compulsory for twelve years there. There are two voluntary years thereafter. Children 1attend either state-funded or fee paying independent schools. First children enter infant school for children from five to seven, then they study at junior school for children from seven to eleven. From eleven to sixteen children attend secondary school (Cм.: Таблицу 1).
Schooling is compulsory образование/обучение обязательно
a) may b)canc) must
Залог – это форма глагола, которая показывает, является ли подлежащее исполнителем действия (действительный залог) или испытывает на себе действие со стороны другого лица или предмета (страдательный залог), которые часто неизвестны или вводятся предлогами by (для одушевленных лиц) и with (для неодушевленных лиц):
e.g. The novel «The Picture of Dorian Gray» was writtenby George Bernard Shaw.
Роман «Портрет Дориана Грея» был написан Джорджем Бернардом Шоу.
Emblems 1 as a simple way of identifying countries, companies, organizations in the UK. Each country of the UK has its own Patron Saint and a floral national emblem, as well as its own flag. A red rose 2 England’s national emblem. Roses 3 as emblems during the Wars of the Roses, civil wars (1455-1485) between the Royal House of Lancaster (whose emblem was a red rose) and the Royal House of York (whose emblem was a white rose). Afterwards, they were combined into the Tudor Rose. Originally the Tudor Rose introduced by Henry III was a symbol of the Tudor family when its members were the kings and queens of England (1485-1603). Other emblems include a bulldog often wearing a Union Jack waistcoat – John Bull, an old fashionedfat country gentlemаn.
Two plants, the leek and the daffodil 4as national emblems of Wales. On the first of March each year one can see people walking around London with leeks and daffodils pinned to their coats. They are put into the hole button on 1st of March, a holiday in honour of the Saint of Wales. St. David was an abbot and became the Patron Saint of Wales in the sixth century. David is equivalent to the Saint’s Welsh name, Dewi. The Saint was known traditionally as a «Waterman», which means that he and his monks were teetotallers. A teetotaler is someone who drinks no alcohol. The vegetable calledleek is also considered to be a traditional emblem of Wales. There are many explanations of how the leek came to be adopted as the national emblem of Wales. One is that St. David advised the Welsh, on the eve of battle with the Saxons, to wear leeks in their caps to distinguish friends from enemies. 
The national flower of Northern Ireland is the shamrock, a three-leaved plant similar to clover. An Irish tale tells of how Patrick used the three-leafed shamrock to explain the Trinity. He used its sermons to represent how the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit could all exist as separate elements of the same entity. His followers adopted thecustomof wearing a shamrock on his feast day. The shamrock and the harp 10 with the Republic of Ireland.
a) are widely used b) were widely using c) will be widely used
The thing is thаt private schools 1 public in the UK. Why? When only the rich could get education many years ago, special schools 2 for the poor by charities, special organizations collecting money for people in need. As it was public money, such schools 3 public schools. In the course of history many public schools became very successful and turned into expensive private educational establishments, but the conservative Britain continued to call them as earlier.
(THE NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERB)