Сделай Сам Свою Работу на 5

Task 1. Say whether these sentences are true or false.





1. Urban design requires good understanding of urban economics, political economy and social theory.

2. Urban design theory deals primarily with the design and management of private space and the way private spaces are experienced and used.

3. Urban design tends to focus on the management of private development through established planning methods and programs, and other statutory development controls.

4. Urban designers have not the degree of artistic liberty or control sometimes offered in design professions such as architecture.

5. Urban typology, density and sustainability are vital types and morphologies related to intensity of use, consumption of resources and production and maintenance of viable communities.

 

Task 2. Choose the correct form of verbs.

 

1. The latest building materials _____________ used in present day construction.

a) cannot be b) must be c) has to be

 

2. Architects _____________ to consider both form and function while designing a structure.

a) must b) may c) have

 

3. According to the general plan the construction _____________ to be finished next year.

a) is b) have c) can

 

4. The consumption of energy _____________ reduced due to rational use of electrical equipment.

a) should b) have to c) can be

 

5. Basic design principles _____________ considered and approved before the beginning of construction. a) cannot b) has to be c) should be

 

6. Mass production of brick, steel, concrete, etc. _____________ in this country lately.

a) has considerably increased b) have to increase considerably c) has been considerably increased

 

7. Approach to building design _____________ modified according to modernization and innovation principles.

a) will have b) will c) will be

 

8. Available construction materials _____________ applied in housing construction because of their high cost.

a) cannot b) cannot be c) can have to

 

9. Urban design _____________ with urban architecture.



a) can closely connect b) be closely connect c) is closely connected

 

10. Ecological demands _____________ both landscape and urban architecture.

a) are influenced b) influence c) have been influenced

 

Task 3. Choose the right preposition or conjuction.

 

1. _______________ some ancient written works the architect should try to a) fulfil three main principles a) unless b) according to

 

2. ___________ durability is extremely important in architecture ___________ utility and beauty. a) not only … but also b) instead of

 

3. ___________ available construction materials ___________ ecological demands are usually considered in project planning.

a) as a result of b) both … and

 

4. Mass production of building materials ___________ bricks, steel, concrete, ect. makes the construction process easier at present.

a) such as b) in regard to

 

5. The total cost will be incredibly high ___________ the consumption of energy is reduced.

a) in order to b) unless

 

6. Solar panels have appeared in some southern countries lately ___________ common methods of heating.

a) contrary to b) as a result of

 

7. Alternative types of energy can be utilized ___________ well known but exhaustible ones.

a) according to b) instead of

 

8. Present-day construction workers should be well-trained ___________ to handle modern construction machines.

a) such as b) in order

 

9. Time of construction and architectural styles changed a lot ___________ discovery of new construction methods.

a) either … or b) as a result of

 

10. Climate, methods of labour, available materials and economy are as important ___________ the whole process of designing and construction as other factors.



a) in regard to b) due to

 

 

Task 4. Match the following urban design terms with descriptions they relate to best:

A

1) urban structure;

2) urban typology, density;

3) accessibility;

4) legibility and way finding;

5) function and fit;

6) complementary mixed uses;

7) character and meaning;

8) order and incident;

9) continuity and change;

10) civil society

B

a) helping people to find their way around and understand how a place works; b) locating activities to allow constructive interaction between them;

) how a place is put together and how its parts relate to each other;

d) spatial types and morphologies related to intensity of sustainability use, consumption of resources, and production;

e) balancing consistency and variety in the urban environment in the interests of appreciating both;

f) ease, safety and choice when moving to and through places; g) locating people in time and place, including respect for heritage and support for contemporary culture;

h) shaping places to support their varied intended uses;

i) making places where people are free to encounter each other as civic equals; j) recognizing and valuing the differences between one place and another.

 

Task 5. Fill in the table. Use one of the words from the table in each space to complete the sentences

Verb Noun Adjective
to access    
    experienced
  improvement  
    owned
to develope    
    established
to use    

 

1. The architect is a person trained and ______in the design of buildings

2. One of the architect's jobs is to find a successful solution and ___them in his work.

3. Urban design theory consider some aspects of privately ____spaces, such as building façades or domestic gardens.

4. Until the 20th century there was three great ____in architectural construction – the post-and-lintel; the arch system, either the cohesive type, employing plastic materials hardening into a homogeneous mass.

5. Urban design differs from urban planning in its focus on physical ____of the public environment.

6. Urban design considers _______ providing for ease, safety and choice when moving to and through places;

7. Urban planning tends, in practice, to focus on the management of private development through _________planning methods and programs.

 

Task 6. Retell about Urban design aspects.

 

Unit 10

Landscape Design

Task 1.Read the text

Develop a plot plan

Landscaping combines elements of art and science to create a functional, aesthetically pleasing extension of indoor living to the outdoors. One initial



purpose of landscape design is to blend man's technology (house or building) into the natural surroundings. To work toward a desirable landscape design, the landscape horticulturist must have a working knowledge of art elements and design principles.

The benefits of an organized system in developing a landscape design are tremendous. As with most endeavors, the level of efficiency relative to time in- put is greatly increased with an organized approach. The game plan for the landscape designer should follow a sequence such as the one presented here. It is difficult to visualize certain aspects of design without putting it to scale on paper. The designer should think with drawings or sketches and make the mistakes on paper, not on the landscape site.

The plot plan should consist of: 1) accurate house placement on the lot, 2) accurate lot and house dimensions with window and door placement and 3) existing driveways and/or walks. It saves a lot of time if the customer has an accurate plat of the house and a house floor plan with outside dimensions. These plans may be secured from the builder, developer or county or city property records. Although the floor plan scale will probably be different from the scale you use, it will still be easier to convert the scale than to physically measure the house, lot, etc. Once the house position on the lot has been determined, this should be drawn to a predetermined scale on tracing paper placed over grid paper. Commonly, 1 inch equals 5 feet or 1 inch equals 10 feet, but you may choose another scale based upon your drawing equipment and project dimensions. Recommended drawing equipment includes: drafting pencils, T-square, scaled rulers, triangle, art gum eraser, drafting tape, grid paper (8 or 10 squares to the inch) and tracing or drafting paper. The designer must have a firm, steady working surface.

Vocabulary

initial начальный, исходный

to blend смешиваться

a desirable landscape design желательный ландшафтный дизайн

horticulturist садовод

benefit выгода

endeavor усилие

approach подход

plot небольшой участок земли, (ам) - план, схема

accurate lot точная деление участка

a sequence последовательность

accurate plat точный план

secure безопасный

sketch

city property records городские отчеты об имуществе

to convert преобразовать

measure мера

a predetermined scale предопределенный масштаб

dimension – измерение

drafting tape – рулетка

driveway – дорога, проезд, путь; подъездная дорожка (дорога, ведущая от основной дороги к дому или гаражу)

tracing – копировка, калькировка; скалькированный чертеж,

grid paper – разграфленная бумага

plat – небольшой участок земли; делянка, надел

scaled ruler – масштабная линейка

triangle – треугольник

T-square – рейсшина (линейка с перекладиной на одном конце для проведения параллельных линий)

 








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