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КОНТРОЛЬНЫЙ ПЕРЕВОД (Quiz)





Методические указания

для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы

по дисциплине

«Фразеология английского языка»

для студентов 3 курса

направления 6.020303 «Филология»

специальности 7.02030304 «Перевод»

дневной формы обучения

 

 

Севастополь


УДК 800

Методические указания для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы по дисциплине «Фразеология английского языка» для студентов 3 курса направления 6.020303 «Филология» специальности 7.02030304 «Перевод» дневной формы обучения / Сост. Журавлева Л.М., Сокол А.А.. – Севастополь: Изд-во СевНТУ, 2014. – 28 с.

 

Цель методических указаний – помочь студентам в подготовке к семинарским занятиям, а также к экзамену по дисциплине «Введение в переводоведение». Методические указания могут использоваться для самостоятельной работы студентов для ознакомления с теоретическим материалом с последующим его закреплением при выполнении практических заданий.

Методические указания рассмотрены и утверждены на заседании кафедры теории и практики перевода (протокол № 10 от 21.05.2013 г.)

 

Допущено учебно-методическим центром СевНТУ в качестве методических указаний.



 

Рецензент: доцент кафедры теории и практики перевода Скидан О.Г.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ


СЕМИНАР 1

Exercise 1. Read the text. Arrange the italicized idioms into three groups:

a) phraseological fusions b) phraseological units c) word combinations.

The woman had been on the go since seven o’clock that morning, and the work she was doing was not of the kind to be done hands down. As there was a lot to be done and the woman was up to her eyes in work, she couldn’t keep an eye on her five-year-old son. He was her only child, the apple of her eye, and, consequently, a rather spoilt boy, ready for all sorts of tricks. He broke or tore to pieces anything he could lay hands on.

When his mother saw him pouring water on the linen she was going to iron, she must have seen red. The boy couldn’t think of any excuse to escape punishment – he was caught red-handed.

His father tried to plead for him, but the woman cut him short and declared that he had no say in the matter. So there was nothing for the father to do but tell the boy that he would have to face the music. And when the next day he told his chums of the trick his son had played, it set the whole table in a roar.

Exercise 2. Comment on the difference between phraseological fusions, phraseological units and word combinations. Arrange the following phraseological units into three groups: 1) word combinations, 2) phraseological units, 3) phraseolo­gical fusions.

1. To see the world through rosy spectacles. 2. To show the white feather. 3. To kiss the hare's foot. 4. To call a spade a spade. 5. To make friends. 6. To take revenge. 7 A house of cards. 8. To make up one's mind. 9. To shed crocodile tears. 10. To commit suicide. 11. Judas kiss. 12. To play the first fiddle. 13. To find faults with somebody. 14. The apple of one's eye. 15. To get in touch with somebody. 16. True to fact. 17. To dot the I's and cross the T's. 18. To be fed up with something or somebody. 19. A pretty kettle of fish. 20. To give way. 21. To nip in the bud. 22. To wash one's hands. 23. To rest on one's oars. 24. Let sleeping dogs lie. 25. To have all the trumps in one hand. 26. Between wind and water. 27. To lose one's way (temper). 28. To go a long way. 29. A slip of the tongue.



Exercise 3 Read the text and match the phrases given below to the italicized idioms:

My mother was a writer of historical novels. And everyone said I was a chip off the old block when I started writing stories as a teenager. My mother was in fact my sternest critic, and gave short shrift to my first attempts at writing. My stories obviously didn’t come up to scratch. She had learned the ropes slowly and painfully over the years, and was determined that it should not be too easy for me.

However, she did help me to lick my first book of short stories into shape, but when it came to getting if published, she refused to pull strings with any of her publishing friends, and I had to approach all the publishing houses myself. We sent it to nine of them, and were on tenterhooks waiting for the replies. There were eight letters of refusal, but we were over the moon when Duxford’s Press said they were considering publication. Unfortunately, we got some very bad news. They accused me of plagiarism, saying that my plots and characters were identical to some American writer’s. Well, I’d never heard of him! That really upset the apple cart. They said they couldn’t publish, so it was back to the drawing board. I slaved away at a new collection of stories, and it was another two years before I finally saw my name in print

1. very pleased

2. in a state of anxious suspense

3. give brief and unwilling attention to something

4. spoil someone’s plans

5. learn how to deal with a particular task, job or problem

6. exert influence to obtain a favour

7. be like one’s parents in character or behavior

8. be of a satisfactory standard

9. start a project again because the first attempt was unsuccessful

10 to improve something so as to make it presentable

Exercise 4.1. Read the idioms and the examples

idiom meaning example
smb/smth has more bark than bite; smb’s/smth’s bark is worse than their/its bite something is not as unpleasant as you expected The storm turned out to have far more bark than bite.… he felt that Alleen’s bark was worse than her bite.
a bird’s-eye view the appearance of something seen from above, or a general view of something You get a bird’s-eye view of Paris from the Eiffel Tower. The speaker gave a bird’s-eye view of the situation.
beat a dead horse to waste time trying to do something that will not succeed Stop beating a dead horse. You’ve made up your mind to continue this ridiculous marriage…
call off the dogs to cause people to stop attacking or criticizing someone It is OK for us to talk to witnesses… provided that the minute a witness tells us he or she has been forbidden by the court to talk to us, we call off our dogs.
fish or cut bait either to act or to decide you are not going to do anything ‘That subpoena should make her either fish or cut bait,’ the detective said.
for the birds without value I enjoyed being a bachelor. But if marriage works out and mine has, then living alone is for the birds.
get off your high horse to stop acting as if you are better or more intelligent than other people ‘He could do better,’ said Grandma candidly. ‘Indeed?’ said Scarlett haughtily. ‘Come off your high horse,’ said the old lady tartly, ‘I shan’t attack your precious sister…’
let the cat out of the bag to tell something that is a secret, often without intending to I've let the cat out of the bag already, Mr. Corthell, and I might as well tell the whole thing now.
(put) the cart before the horse to do something that should happen after other things To learn to dive before learning to swim well seems to me to be putting the cart before the horse.
(straight) from the horse’s mouth from someone who has the facts Each of them carried a note-book, in which whenever the great man spoke, he desperately scribbled. Straight from the horse’s mouth. It was a rare privilege.
take the bull by the horns to deal directly with someone or something ‘See here,’ he exclaimed suddenly, looking sharply at the musician and deciding to take the bull by the horns, ‘you are in quite as delicate a situation as I am, if you only stop to think.’
go to the dogs to become worse in quality or character They sat in the bar the night before the election, moaning that the country was going to the dogs. He was a marvelous actor, but his drinking problems caused his career to go to the dogs.
have bigger fish to fry, also have other fish to fry to have something more important or more interesting to do Quite useless to make any appointment to meet him now – he has other fish to fry.
horse around to be active in a silly way You boys have been horsing around again, getting yourselves dirty..
in the doghouse in a situation in which someone is annoyed with you because of something you did It seemed to Howard Steptoe that the curse has come upon him. Already he was solidly established in the doghouse as the result of that craps business.

Exercise 4.2. Beginnings and endings



Match the beginnings and endings of these idioms.

1. more bark a. before the horse
2. a bird’s- b. than bite
3. call off c. high horse
4. fish or d. fish to fry
5. get off your e. eye view
6. go to the f. by the horns
7. have bigger g. doghouse
8. in the h. cut bait
9. (put) the cart i. the dogs
10. take the bull j. dogs

Exercise 4.3 Sentence completion.

Use idioms from the box to complete the following sentences. You may have to change the form of some words.

1. “Are you sure she’s leaving?” “Definitely, I heard it _____________________________.”

2. “What do you think of the new system?” “I think it’s ____________________________ – it won’t work.”

3. Amazingly, not one of the people who knew about the surprise______________________.

4. Do you think it’s worth sending my manuscript to other publishers, or am I just _________________________?

5. He never _________________________ long enough to consider how insulting his words were to many immigrants.

6. He sounds tough, but ________________________.

7. I couldn’t spend a lot of time on the problem – I had __________________________.

8. I ________________________ and confronted him about his smoking.

9. It is sad to report that this once first-class hotel has ________________________.

10. It’s time to ______________________ and let her get back to doing her job.

11. Stop _______________________ and pay attention to your father!

12. The city is _______________________ by building a stadium before a team has agreed to play here.

13. The large painting offers a ________________________ that shows the layout of the ancient city.

14. The president’s aide is ________________________ over remarks he made to the press.

15. The time has come when you have to _______________________ – either you help us plan what to do or we will decide and go ahead without you.

Exercise 4.4. Pronunciation

Complete the poem with the following idioms: beating a dead horse; the cat is out of the bag; for the birds; got other fish to fry; straight from the horse’s mouth

I spent the best years of my life _______________________ (1) You never really loved me – I should have known, of course! Now that _______________ (2) I’m not even going to cry I’ve met somebody new And I’ve _______________ (3) I’m not wasting any more time Not listening to your empty words What we had was nothing – It was strictly_______________ (4) So my new love and I are leaving We’re going to drive down the south. I never loved you either – you heard it______________________ (5)

 

Exercise 4.5. Translation

Find English equivalents for the following phrases.

Вид с птичьего полета; перспектива, общий обзор

возиться, шуметь

действовать решительно, напрямик; мужественно преодолевать затруднения

делать шиворот-навыворот; ставить с ног на голову

заниматься бесполезным делом, зря тратить силы, попусту стараться

из надежного источника; из первоисточника

иметь еще и другие дела, иметь дела поважнее

никому не нужный, не имеющий никакой ценности; глупый, нелепый

опозоренный; в опале, в немилости

от него больше шума, чем вреда; больше бранится, чем на самом деле сердится

перестать важничать, зазнаваться, держаться высокомерно

пойти псу под хвост, приходить в упадок, идти к чертям, разоряться

прекратить неприятное дело, неприятный разговор и т.п.

проболтаться, проговориться, выдать секрет

решиться на что-либо; сказать либо да, либо нет

Exercise 4.6. What’s your advice?

What advice would you give to the people in each of the situations below?

Use the following idioms: fish or cut bait; get off your high horse; take the bull by the horns.

 

1. I don’t know what to do. I’m really worried about his smoking. I’m afraid to say anything…

2. We’re thinking about taking a year off and going around the world. We’re not getting any longer.

3. Several of the families in our neighborhood want to have a street party to raise money for the local school. This is a good neighborhood. Street parties are disgusting.

Exercise 5 Read the text. Write out the sentences containing idioms and translate them into Russian. Underline the idioms and the translation.

A BURNT-OUT CASE

(by G. Greene)

The events take place in an African leper colony run by priests and nuns where Querry, a celebrated builder of churches, found silence and solitude he sought for. Here in Africa he meets Marie, a lonely person who needed love and warmth as her husband Rycker was cold and selfish.

The extract portrays Rycker after Marie falsely asserts that she has a love affair with Querry.

Brother Philippe spoke for the first time. "There's a man outside," he said. "Had I better unlock the door?"

It was Parkinson, sodden and speechless. He had been walking very fast.

"Give him a chair," Father Thomas said.

"Where's Querry?" Parkinson asked.

"I don't know. In his room perhaps."

"Rycker's looking for him. We went to the sisters' house, but Querry had gone."

"How did you know where to look?"

"She had left a note for Rycker at home. We would have caught her up, but we had car trouble at the last ferry."

"Where's Rycker now?"

"God knows. It's so pitch-dark out there. He may have walked into the river for all I know."

"Did he see his wife?"

"No — an old nun pushed us both out and locked the door. That made him madder than ever, I can tell you."

He rocked backwards and forwards on the chair. [...]

Outside a voice shouted unintelligibly.

"That's him," Parkinson said. "He's fighting mad."

The voice came nearer. "Querry," they heard it cry, "where are you, Querry?"

"What a damned fuss about nothing. And I wouldn't be surprised if there had been no hanky-panky after all. I told him that. 'They talked all night,' I said, 'I heard them. Lovers don't talk all night. There are intervals of silence.'"

The door opened. "Where's Querry?"

"Please come in and sit down and talk things..."

"How can I sit?" Rycker said. "I am a man in agony." He sat down, nonetheless, on the wrong chair — the weak back splintered.

"I'm suffering from a terrible shock, fa­ther. I opened my soul to that man. 1 told him my inmost thoughts, and this is my reward."

"Let us talk quietly and sensibly..."

"He laughed at me and despised me," Rycker said. "What right had he to despise me?"

Father Thomas said, "We all want to avoid scandal."

"Where's the doctor?" Rycker said sharply. "They were as thick as thieves."

"He's at home. He has nothing to do with this."

Rycker made for the door. He stood there for a moment as though he were on a stage and had forgotten his exit line. "There isn't a jury that would convict me," he said and went out again into the dark and rain. For a mo­ment nobody spoke and then Father Joseph.asked them all, "What did he mean by that?"

"He said something about a jury, father, and it occurred to me that, well, perhaps he's carrying a gun. I think I ought to warn..."

"This is too much," Father Thomas said. He turned to Parkinson and asked him in English, "Has he a gun with him?"

"I'm sure I don't know. A lot of people are carrying them nowadays. But he won't have the nerve to use it."

"I think, if you will excuse me, father, I had better go over to Doctor Colin's," Brother Philippe said.

"Be careful, brother," Father Paul said.

"Oh, I know a great deal about firearms," Brother Philippe replied.

(From A Burnt-Out Case by G. Greene)

Notes

back and forth backwards and forwards to and fro

back and forth, to and fro, up and down — взад и вперед

The professor's eyebrows and beard twitched. He turned away and paced back and forth. (Carter)

backwards and forwards, up and down, first this way and then that way — туда и сюда, взад и вперед

As he passed backwards and forwards in a daze of pain he kept asking himself: Where am I going? (A. Cronin)

to and fro, back and forth, up and down — туда и сюда, взад и вперед, из стороны в сторону

The dog had been watching us all the time, its bushy tail sweeping to and fro against the bars. (/. Murdoch) As she rocked to and fro she felt the ten­sity of woe in abandonment, the magnificence of wrath after deception, the languor of sorrow after defeat. (Th.. Dreiser)

as thick as thieves at daggers drawn

bosom friends at loggerheads

on good terms with on bad terms

not on speaking terms

as thick as thieves (colloq., pejorative), very friendly, inti­mate, often together — спаянные крепкой дружбой, зака­дычные друзья, ^ „водой не разольёшь"

She likes living soft. And there's a young man in the house. Tutor to the children. They're as thick as thieves. (A. Christie)

bosom friend/pal (colloq.), very dear and close friend, one in whom you fully confide — закадычный друг

"You astonish me!" exclaims Mr. Widger, "not know the Clickits! Why, you are the very people of all others who ought to be their bosom friends." (Ch. Dickens)

on friendly/good/excellent terms (plural only) with smb., feeling friendly towards smb.; it describes friendly relations not amounting to a close friendship — в дружеских отно­шениях

She had remained on excellent terms with the surgeon. (Ger. Green) By this time I saw very clearly that my patron was on friendly terms with most of them. But what do they get out of it? (Th. Dreiser)

N. В. be on good terms with oneself, have a high opinion of one's own talents and attachments, think oneself a very estimable person — быть о себе высокого мнения

Your schoolmaster is plainly on good terms with himself. (McM) Although I knew well enough that my irritation at Luthy's indecision was inspired by my own, I found in cold blood that I was still not on good terms with myself. (C. P. Snow)

on a friendly/good footing (singular only) with smb. (colloq.), having friendly relations with smb. — на дружеской ноге

A man had to be sociable. He played to keep on a good footing with the men: could not afford to be thought uppish or close-fisted. (Д". Prichard)

at daggers drawn, at enmity with smb. - на ножах

The quarrei between these two men has unhappily grown more bitter, till now they are at daggers drawn. It's very plain that the old man and I will remain at daggers drawn to the end of our lives, and that I have nothing to expect from him.( Ch. Dickens)

at loggerheads with, disagreeing or quarrelling with, at enmity — пререкаться, ссориться, быть не в ладах с к.-л.

How often he had been present at conferences where the parties had at first seemed to be at loggerheads, all their interests conflicting, yet in the end, almost miraculously, a solution had been found that satis­fied them all. (L. P. Hartley)

not on speaking terms with (1) (colloq.), avoid speaking to smb. on account of a quarrel — не разговаривать, пре­кратить знакомство (it indicates a temporapy breakdown in good relations)

Ever since their quarrel last year they have not been on speaking terms. (H. C. W.)

not on speaking terms (2), not know a person well enough to speak to him — не быть знакомыми

Jack: Algy! Can't you recollect what our fa­ther's Christian name was?

Algernon: My dear boy, we were never even on speaking terms. He died before I was a year old'. (0. Wilde)

I get along with the Old Lady but I like her and the Lodger apart; I like them best when around and not on speaking terms. Don't like either of them to be personal with each other. (S. Chaplin)

jccur to,.cross smb.'s mind flash into one's mind enter one's head dawn on smb.

occur to smb., come to smb.'s mind, suggest itself— при­ходить на ум

It occurred to me that she'd done this merely as a manoeuvre to arouse his desire, and arouse it for no purpose beyond that of somehow feeding her van­ity, (K. Amis) Nobody would know me there now, and it hadn't occurred to me that it would be I who remembered. (G. Greene)

cross smb.'s mind = come into smb.'s mind, occur to smb.— осенить

It crossed Dixon's mind that apart from his voice he'd no evidence that she was beside him at all. (K. A mis). An idea came into Dixon's mind which was the more ready to receive it in this mood of exultation. (/C. Amis)

flash into /across/ through one's mind, come suddenly into one's mind — пронзить (о мысли)

It also flashed through his mind that Elspeth might not be a living woman. She might not be real. (L. P. Hartley)

enter /come into/ one's head, come into one's rnind — при­ходить в голову

She was quite appalled at the man's audacity. This was something which had never for a moment entered her head. (Th. Dreiser) It would have never come into my head. (J. Galsworthy)

dawn/flash on smb., grow clear to the mind, begin to be per­ceptible to — прийти в голову (with dawn the idiom implies a process, with flash — instantaneousness)

It was dawning on all of them that the whole bat­tle had been meaningless, unnecessary, and essentially they were not bad fellows at all. (Ger. Green) "Would you care and dine with me?" "Oh no," said Carrie, the whole motive of the man flashing on her at once. (Th. Dreiser)

slip/from/ one's mind /memory, escape from one's memory — выскочить из памяти

... that the main purpose of my visit had slipped from his failing memory. (A. Cronin) The name has slipped from my mind. (A. Huxley) The fact that he was going to tea with Miss Wilkinson, like the precedent date and month, somehow slipped his mind. (H. E. Bates)

have the nerve to do smth. be unable to say 'bo' to a goose

have the guts to do smth.

have the nerve to do smth., be brave enough to do it — иметь мужество сказать или сделать ч.-л.

"I am assuming," said Freddy, "that you haven't the nerve to come the heavy he-man over the little woman?" (P. G. Wodehouse) "They call it suicide pact. It's happening all the time." "I couldn't. I haven't the nerve." (G. Greene)

have the guts (pl. only) (slang), have courage, spirit or determination about doing smth. — набраться духу, чтобы сделать ч.-л.

Sitting down, he said, "You rather reduce Bill to a cipher, don't you? He had guts, you know, and ability." (Л. Wilson) Listen, you know I wanted to specialize for a long time. I never had the guts to go through with it. (Ger. Green)

have the face to say smth., dare, have boldness, impudence — иметь наглость сказать ч.-л.

How can you have the face to say such a thing? (A. Huxley)

cannot say bo/boo to a goose (cotloq.), very timid— быть робким, застенчивым; — „и мухи не обидит" (it is used to show that we disapprove of behaviour that conflicts with known character)

"How many teeth have you extracted?" she in­quired. "I really couldn't say," he lied, "very many." "Because," she said, "you don't look as if you could say 'Bo!' to a goose." "I think I can say 'Bo' to a goose," he said. (A.Bennett) That feller! Why, I didn't think he could say boo to a goose! But I know he could, couldn't he, mamma? (W. Thackeray)

Exercise 6. Answer the following questions retaining the underlined idioms.

1. Was Parkinson excited when rocking backwards and forwards in his chair? 2. What did Rycker make a fuss about? 3. What did he mean saying that the Doctor and Querry were as thick as thieves? 4.Did the Doctor have anything to do with that affair? 5.What idea came into Parkinson’s mind after Parkinson said something about a jury? 6. Would Rycker, in Parkinson’s opinion, have the nerve to use his gun?

Exercise 7. Render the contents of the foil owing sentences in your own words.

I. We were as close in that instant as we would ever get —like two thieves. (/. Baldwin) 2. You've been pretty thick with Loomer. How does it look? (Ger. Green) 3. He learned what they had to do with each other in the next minute or two. (K. Amis) 4. He would have nothing to do with their secrets, their responsibilities they were deter­ mined to lay on him. (G. Greene) 5. And now, as this flashed into his labouring mind he began to trip up on one or two phrases, to hesitate and to repeat words. (K. Amis) 6. He pitied Baines; it occurred to him how happily they could live together in the empty house if Mrs. Baines were called away. (G. Greene) 7. The idea has just crossed my mind. (H.) 8. And the idea crossed my mind that now at last it might be possible to make peace with it. (/. Murdoch) 9. A vague feeling that the pince-nez had as much to do with his popularity as his clinical knowledge fleeted through Sam's mind. (Ger. Green) 10. Then it dawned on him: Haverfordwest was the title of a peer. (L. P. Hartley) 11. I'm surprised the woman had the face to accept the invitation (A. Christie) 12. "You're quite right. But I'm jealous, all the same." "You have a nerve," she said, smiling. (O'Hara)

Exercise 8. Read the verse, translate it into Russian. Make an attempt to compose a verse of your own.

Once upon a time there were twins

Billy and Willy their names were

Billy was shy and couldn't say boo to a goose.

But Willy was bold, and had the guts this goose to abuse.

The poor creature

Wondering to and fro in the yard,

to Milly, his sweetheart, belonged,

But the idea his deed could result in

Too late on Willy dawned.

She saw what had happened.

His darling got mad,

«On bad terms forever», - she cried at that.

«At loggerheads we shall always be! You’ll

Never share my destiny».

And Billy?

He noticed her weakness for birds

And never did anything that flying things hurts

It crossed Milly’s mind, «This guy isn’t bad.

And it five years she married that.

Exercise 9. Write out the given phrasal verbs into your vocabulary

Фразовые глаголы (Phrasal verbs) TO BE

ABOUT быть поблизости, неподалеку to be nearby, to be in the

vicinity, e.g. I have just seen torn. He must be somewhere about. ..

ABOVE быть выше to be superior, e.g. You should have been above underhand tricks.

AFTER добиваться чего-л., хотеть получить или сделать что-л. to try о get or do smth., e.g. I can never make him out. I wonder what he is after. - AT заниматься to be busy with, to be doing smth. e.g. What are you at? ...

AWAY отсутствовать, быть в отъезде to be gone, to be out of town. You'll have to call again. The director is away on business.

BACK вернуться to (have) return(ed). e.g. I have to go out now, but I'll be back soon.

BEHIND 1. иметь задолженность to be in arrears, e.g. I am behind in the rent for my-flat. 2. опаздывать, отставать to be late, not to keep up with. e.g. It's five o'clock and the train is leaving in a quarter of an hour. 1 am afraid we are behind. He is behind the group.

DOWN снижаться, уменьшаться to decrease in amount, number, price, in tensity, etc. e.g. Don't worry, the temperature is down now, he is getting over it. There were fluctuations in the prices but on the whole they are down.

DOWN AND OUT сильно нуждаться, быть без средств to be in a state

of poverty, not to have what is necessary for life. e.g. He is down and out now.

FOR быть за, поддерживать кого-л. to be in favour of smth. e.g. 1 am all for what you say.

IN быть дома, на работе, в помещении to be at home, at the В office, on the premises, e.g.. Is Comrade Orlov in?

IN FOR быть в ожидании to expect smth. e.g. We are in for a cold winter. She is in for a treat.

OFF 1. уходить to go away. e.g. I must be off. 2. быть свободным от работы to be free from work. e.g. I am off for the afternoon today. 3. быть отмененным, аннулированным to be cancelled, finished, e.g. The meeting is off. 4. быть выключенным to be no longer on. e.g. The electricity was off yesterday.

ON 1. быть включенным to be functioning, to be switched on. e.g. The light has been on since . 2. происходить, иметь место to be happening, to take place, e.g. What's on? The exhibition will be on next week. 3. идти, демонстрироваться to be shown (of films, plays) e.g. There is a good film on at our club.

OUT 1. раскрываться, стать известным to become known to be revealed e.g. It's no use trying to keep it back. The news will be out anyway. 2. (of) не быть дома, на работе и т.п. to be away; not to be at home, at the office, e.g. He is out at the moment. He is out of Moscow today. 3. (of) испытывать недостаток, не иметь to be short of smth., to lack smth. e.g. I am out of cigarettes.

OUT AND ABOUT поправиться (после болезни), хорошо себя чувствовать to be well. e.g. I hope she will be out and about before long.

... UP 1. встать, .быть на ногах to be out of bed. e.g. I am always up at seven o'clock. 2. подняться, достигнуть высокого положения to rise, to be in a higher place, position, e.g. The prices are up now. He is up in the world now. 3. истекать (о сроке), терять силу (о законе) to expire (of time, holiday, agreement), e.g. The time is up. 4. случиться, происходить to be going on. e.g. I'm afraid I can't come today. Something is up. What' s up?

UP TO 1. замышлять to play pranks, e.g. What are the children up to?

2. быть обязательным, зависеть от to be one's responsibility or duty; to restwith smb. e.g. It' s up to parents to bring up their children properly. I believe. It's up to them to decide that.

... WITH 1. быть вместе с, присоединиться к to be together with smb., to join smb. e.g. I'll be with you in all your misfortunes.

Exercise 10. Read and translate the sentences

1. You're entitled to think of him as a man who has wasted every gift he possesses. I'm with you.

2. .The splendor of the afternoon was irresistible— I decided I must be up. Was I not practically well again and able to be about?

3. He realized that he had himself got out of the way of serving, that he was above it now.

4. 1 congratulate you, you are in for a treat.

5. What! Your parents are behind the times, my girl?

6. Look sharp now, he's behind time.

7. The dishes we wanted are off the menu and we'll have to take pot luck.

8. When I wrote this article on rents I knew that I was in for trouble.

9. She was so off-hand with him that he was afraid the whole project might be off.

10. 11.I think I know the little game they're at", said Mr Heinchy.

11. Tomorrow is work, and I'll be hard at it, sweating my guts out until next weekend.

12. He hadn't a penny. He'd pawned everything he had. He was down and out.

13. We are for the workers' interest. I’m all for keeping the pits open.

14. All that's a bit above my head, old boy. I see more or less what you mean.

15. Martin is after career, not culture.

Exericise 11. Replace the phrases by the verb to be with appropriate particles, pay attention to the words given in bold type

1. The manager is to tarn up before long and you'd better be available for other half an hour. 2. "I admit being negligent of my work". "Right you are, you should have had more foresight. And what are you doing now?" 3. When Lanny Burton was absolutely broke after all his mischiefs in life he turned to his namesake for help. 4. Tenants who do not pay the rent in time are just evicted immediately. 5. Why do you get so easily upset over trifles? You mustn't believe in prejudice. 6. As the case stands now, he'll certainly back the proposal. 7. If you call in his office hours he'll certainly be there. 8. You've let him down several times already, if you do it again you'll have a poor time. 9. Professor Usher wrote that the party would not be held because of a previous engagement. 10. As far as 1 know she has already recovered. You can phone her and discuss the matter in detail. 11. The plane had to land in an unknown region as they had run out of fuel.

12. As a result of the poor crop of wheat the prices are sure to go up. 13. He began to run down everything that was American. "What is he conceiving?" she thought 14. "Well, we've been invited to. You are to decide". 15. You needn't worry over his absence. He'll be home before the rain starts. 16. It'll be no use trying to get in touch with him. He will he gone for two months. 17. Don't try to put him off with such words. There is no stopping him if he wishes to get something. 19. The factory went on short time as the demand was low. 20. There's no fear of her letting anything on.The whole thing has become known.

Exerсise 12.English proverbs. Pay attention to the forms of the third person singular of the verbs in the Present Indefinite Tense In the following proverbs and sayings. Give their Russian equivalents.

1. Laughter is the best medicine.

2. Nothing flies into the mouth of a sleeping fox.

3. A rolling stone gathers no moss.

4. The exception proves the rule.

5. After dinner comes the reckoning.

6. Many a little makes a mickle.

7. A bad penny always comes back.

8. Every bullet has its billet.

9. He who laughs last laughs longest.

10. Zeal without knowledge is a runaway horse.

11. Nothing succeeds like success.

12. Custom makes things easy.

13. Time flies.

14. Silence gives consent.

15. Charity begins at home.

16. Extremes meet.

17. A great ship asks deep waters.

18. The bait hides the hook.

19. All is well that ends well. .

20. Short acquaintance brings repentance.

21. The weakest goes to the wall.

22. The customer is always right.

23. Distance lends enchantment to the view.

Exercise 13. Complete the following proverbs and sayings. Use the Present Indefinite Tense. Consult the reference list below.

1. Prosperity makes friends, but ...

2. The tongue is not steel, yet ...

3. Everything comes to him ...

4. Handsome is as ...

5. He travels the fastest ...

6. The dogs bark, but ..

7. Не dances well ... .

8. It never rains but ...

9. What one loses on the swings ...

10. He laughs best ...

11. As the fool thinks so...

12. Score twice before ...

13. We soon believe what we ...

(you cut once, we desire, adversity tries them, the bell clinks, who laughs last, it cuts, one makes up on the roundabouts, who waits, handsome does, it pours, who travels alone, to whom fortune pipes, the caravan goes on)

Exercise 14. Give English equivalents of the following proverbs and sayings. Use ex. 1 and 2 as a key

1. Чего хочется, тому верится.

2. Молчание — знак согласия.

3. От судьбы не уйдешь. (Пуля виновного найдет).

4. Собака лает, ветер носит.

5. Беда одна не приходит. (Пришла беда — отворяй ворота).

6. Под лежачий камень вода не течет.

7. Что потеряешь в одном, выиграешь в другом. (Что вы теряете на качелях, вы приобретаете на карусе­лях).

8. Слабых бьют.

9. Успех способствует успеху.

10. Крайности сходятся.

11. С новым другом недолго и в беду попасть. (Не всякий встречный — друг сердечный; старый друг лучше новых
двух).

12. Кому счастье служит, тот ни о чем не тужит.

13. Терпение и труд все перетрут. (Кто ждет, тот дождется)

14. Своя рубашка ближе к телу. (Благотворительность начинается дома; хочешь быть благодетелем, начинай с собственного дома).-­

15. Лучше всех смеется тот, кто смеется последним.

16. Нет правил (а) без исключения. (Исключение подтверждает правило).

17. Человека дела красят.

18. Большому кораблю большое плавание.

19. Кому на месте не сидится, тот добра не наживет.

20. Расстояние придает очарование.

21. Семь раз отмерь, один раз отрежь.

22. Любишь кататься, люби и саночки возить.

Exercise 15. Fill in the blank spaces of the following sayings with the verbs in the Present Indefinite Tense given in brackets at the end.

1. Absence ... the heart grow fonder, (to make)

2. Actions ... louder than words, (to speak)

3. Still tongue ... a wise head, (to make)

4. The early bird ... the worm, (to catch)

5. Distance ... enchantment to the view, (to lend)

6. All work and no play… Jack a dull boy (to make)

7. Familiarity ... contempt, (to breed)

8. Birds of a feather ... together, (to flock)

9. A watched pot never ... . (to boil)

10. A wonder ... but nine days, (to last)

11. Time and tide ... for no man. (to wait)

12. Still waters ... deep. (to run)

13. Many words ... more than swords, (to cut)

14. Idleness ... the mind., (to rust)

15. Who.............. (to break, to pay)

16. The end ... the work, (to crown) –

17. Idle folks ... no excuses, (to lack)

 

18. The dogs ... , but the caravan (to bark, to go on)

19. Practice ... perfect, (to make)

20. Courtesy ... nothing, (to cost)

21. Custom ... us to everything, (to reconcile)

22. Ill news ... apace, (to come)

23. Tastes ... . (to differ)

24. Times ... . (to change)

25. Adversity ... strange bedfellows, (to make)

Exercise 16. Insert in the blank spaces of the following sentences the negative form of the verbs given in brackets at the end. 'Use the Present Indefinite Tense.

1. Life ... all beer and skittles, (to be)

2. The cowl ... the monk, (to make)

3. What the eye ... , the heart ... . (to see, to grieve over)

4. The devil ... so black as he is painted, (to be)

5. Money ... on trees, (to grow)

6. One swallow ... a summer, (to make)

7. Clothes ... the man. (to make)

Crime …(to pay)

Exercise 17. Фразеологизмы в нижеследующих отрывках были пере­ведены способом описательного перевода. Отредактируйте переводы. Используйте английские фразеологические единицы из Списка „А ".

(1) Атаки оппозиции на экономическую политику правительства имеют особую подоплеку. Именно здесь христианско-демократические стратеги видят ахиллесову пяту правительства. - The opposition attacks on the government's economic policy have a special motive behind them. The Christian Democrat strategists feel that this is the government's vulnerable spot.

(2) Очень часто указания режиссера старыми актерами принимались в штыки. (М. Велизарий) - Most often the producer's instructions were met by old actors in a hostile way.

(3) А ларчик просто открывался: за последние месяцы к власти в регионах пришла новая волна политиков. - It was simple and clear.A new wave of politicians came to power in the provinces.

(4) Вовка – это у нас ахиллесова пята. Учиться не хочет... (Л. Обухова) – Our Little Vovka is a weak spotin our family. He doesn't want to go to school...

(5) Для выяснения его нынешнего адреса сыщикам не пришлось ломать голову. - The detectives did not have to think muchover his present address.

(6) Преступники выбежали на улицу, запрыгнули в машину и были таковы. - The criminals ran out to the street, jumped into the car and disappeared.

(7) Чапаев...ограничился только грозным письмом, где метал „на виновных" громы и молнии. (Д. Фурманов) - Chapayev confined himself with a threatening letter where he swore angrilyat those to blame.

СПИСОК „А"

(1) А ларчик просто откры- If it were any closer it would  
  вался. have (jumped up and) bit you.  
(2) ломать голову над to rack one's brain over smth  
  чём-л.    
(3) в глазах кого-л. in smb's eyes (e.g., in British  
    eyes, in the eyes of all peoples)  
(4) встречать что-л. в шты- to meet smth at dagger-point,  
  ки, e.g., жалобу, пред- to rise up (или to be) in arms  
  ложение, изобретение, against smth  
  и т.п.    
(5) быть в курсе (тж. чего-л., be in the know; to know the  
  дела) scoop  
(6) метать громы и молнии Negative estimation: Be raging  
  в адрес or по адресу, and fuming; или to assault  
  против кого-л., чего-л., smth with thunder and light-  
  ог в кого-л. (тж. обру- ning; to foam at the mouth at  
  шить громы и молнии (или over) smth  
  на...)    
     
(7) быть ахиллесовой пятой    
(а)... чего-л., e.g., транс- (a) to be the Achilles' heel of
порта, быта, социальной smth;  
системы, и т.п.    
(Ь)... кого-л. (b) e.g., It is her Achilles 'heel.
(8) открыть все двери (для to open all the doors (e .g., forfor
чего-л., e.g., для международного for international control).  
контроля).    
(9) и был таков (тж. и была and made a run for it.  
такова, etc.).    
         

Exercise 18.

Наверное, нужно хорошо помнить те русские ФЕ, кото­рые могут быть трудными для перевода и даже обманчивыми. Их еще называют „ложными друзьями переводчика". Почему это происходит?

Традиционно (вслед за академиком В. В. Виноградовым) ФЕ делят на „единства", т.е. мотивированные ФЕ (типа „встречать в штыки", „метать громы и молнии") и „ сращения " - немотивированные ФЕ (типа „в ус не дуть", „и был таков"). Что касается немотивированных ФЕ, то их значение трудно по­нять, исходя из значений их компонентов, а подчас невозмож­но. Это по существу зависит от носителя языка. Так, для русскоговорящего фраза "Иван и в ус не дует" немотивирова­на. Однако он просто знает, что фраза означает: "Ivan doesn't give a damn". Для англоговорящего - другое дело. Он способен понять фразу как "Ivan doesn't blow at his mustache". (Ведь мы знаем, говорили об этом ранее, что однажды русский переводчик перевёл "Don't drag your feet" как "Не шаркайте ногами".) Вместе с тем, англоговорящий коллега задумается, если фраза будет "Она и в ус не дует", где есть "конфликтую­щие" компоненты "Она" и "ус". Коллега не поверит, что у женщины есть усы, и решит заглянуть в словарь. И прави­льно сделает.

Получается, что пресловутая „немотивированность" – субъективна и зависит от носителя родного языка, его знаний фразеологии, полученных с детства.

Что же касается „мотивированных" ФЕ, то их мотивиро­ванность (а иногда лже-мотивированность) зависит от степени переосмысленности ФЕ и традиций языка перевода. Например, ФЕ „водить за нос" не означает (да простят мне это нарушение правил педагогики), да-да, не означает'Чо lead smb by the nose." ФЕ „обвести вокруг пальца, как правило," не означа­ет"to twist smb around one's (little) finger." ФЕ „беречь как зеницу ока" не означает"be the apple of one's eye." ФЕ „ва­риться в собственном соку" не означает"to stew in one's ' own juice." ФЕ „камня на камне не оставить" не означает"to leave no stone unturned." Впрочем, лучше заглянуть в Список „Б" этой главы, где указаны „трудные" для перево­да русские ФЕ и наиболее „универсальные" (пригодные для большинства контекстов) их фразеологические эквивален­ты, а также...

Вставьте в нижеследующие переводы английские фразе­ологические эквиваленты: "to take smb in," "was taken for a ride," "(smb) keeps smth in mint condition" "ripped to shreds," "be turning in the wind," "get down to brass tacks," "What fair wind brought you here? "

(1) Трудно поверить, что его обвели вокруг пальца и он
ничего не знал о происходящем. It is hard to believe that he_____ and was not informed of the goings-on.

Некоторые утверждают, что газеты созданы для того, чтоб читателей водить за нос. Some say that newspapers exist in order_____ people .

(2) Фермер этого села бережет старую водяную мельницу как зеницу ока. The farmer of this village_______ the old water mill .

(4) Зачем вариться в собственном соку, если всегда можно посоветоваться с более опытными людьми? Why should you _______ without direction when you can always consult more experienced people?

(5) От главного доклада участники конференции не оставили камня на камне. The conference participants the major report.

(6) Вы уж сразу берите быка за рога. Начните с основных фактов. You'd better and begin with hard facts.

(7) Как я рад с вами встретиться! Каким ветром вас сюда занесло? I am tickled to death to see you! ?

СПИСОК „Б"

(1) водить (провести) кого-л. То take smb in.
  за нос  
(2) обвести (обводить) ко- То take smb for a ride.
(3) го-л. вокруг пальца, беречь (хранить) что-л. как зеницу ока. To keep smth in mint condition. -
(4) вариться в собственном соку. Be turning in the wind (тж. without instructions); to fly solo.
(5) камня на камне не оста­вить от чего-л. To rip smth (e.g., one's argu­ments) to shreds; to make short
    work of .smb (e.g., of one's op-
    ponents)
(6) брать (взять) быка за рога, To get down to brass tacks.
(7) ветром занести (занес- Well, to what do I owe this
v / ло) кого-л. [Обычно в good fortune? (-) What fair
  форме вопроса: „Каким ветром тебя (его) сюда wind brings you here? (+) Hu­mour: Have you dropped from
  занесло?"] the clouds?
(8) хитрый как лиса be (as) cunning as a fox
         

КОНТРОЛЬНЫЙ ПЕРЕВОД (Quiz)

Переведите текст „с листа" без запинки, используя ан­глийские фразеологические эквиваленты. Если вы добьётесь такого перевода, это будет означать, что вы перевели дан­ную группу фразеологических единиц из вашего пассива в ак­тив. В тексте 12 русских ФЕ.

Про Ворону и Лисицу

Если ваш друг обладает чувством юмора, но не знает бас­ню про Ворону и Лисицу, не беда. Басню можно ему переска­зать.

Значит, так... Однажды сидела Ворона на дереве, а во рту держала кусок сыра. В ту минуту мимо пробегала очень хитрая Лиса. (Даже люди говорят про кого-то: „хитрый как лиса".) К сожалению, в глазах Вороны Лиса не была хитрой. Да будь Во­рона и поумней, все равно бы не догадалась, что Лиса хочет об­вести её вокруг пальца.

Увидев Лису, Ворона подумала: ..Каким ветром Лису сюда занесло?" Но мы-то знаем причину. Ларчик открывался просто: Лисице ну очень понравился запах сыра. Поэтому Ли­сица и ломала голову, как бы этот сыр ей получить.

Хитрая Лисица была в курсе, что Ворона обожает лесть. (Люди тоже знают, что лесть способна открыть все двери.) Что касается Вороны, лесть была её ахиллесовой пятой. Вот Лиса и стала говорить Вороне, что та - самая красивая птичка на свете. Ворона, конечно, раскрыла рот, чтобы сказать „Спасибо". Тут сыр выпал. Лисица схватила его и была такова.

Бедная Ворона долго метала громы и молнии. Очень уж она расстроилась. И с тех пор любую лесть и даже похвалу встречает в штыки.

Если хотите, можете „ подглядывать " в перевод на ан­глийский (ниже) про Ворону и Лису пока вам не удастся пере­вести русский текст с листа без запинки.

 








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