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Match the words and word-combinations (column B) with the suitable sentences





(column A):

A B
1) The Armed Forces will continue to be … a) no nation can defend itself alone.
2) The US demonstrates truly impressive leadership on … b) 5 major military campaigns side by side in the Balkans, Iraq, and Afghanistan.
3) Cyberspace has no borders and … c) the backbone of British defenses.
4) Defense policy must be the instrument of … d) to stop nuclear weapons` trafficking.
5) Over the last 20 years the US and Britain have fought … e) on a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
6) In the area of counter-proliferation the US and the UK work side by side … f) unshakeable partnership with the United States of America”.
7) The US and the UK work side by side to start negotiations … g) cyber security.
8) On top of their cultural and commercial links the US and the UK have a relationship in … h) a strong and clear-sighted foreign policy.
9) “There is no single more important alliance than our … i) the NPT.
10) ) The US and the UK work side by side to uphold … j) defense, nuclear issues and intelligence.

 

Exercise 23.

Translate from Russian into English.

1. Премьер-министр Великобритании заявил, что «особые отношения» с США остаются основой британской внешней политики.

2. В 1949 году США и Великобритания выступили основными инициаторами создания НАТО.

3. Лондон первым присоединился к военной кампании США в Афганистане в 2001 году, а также поддержал США при вторжении в Ирак в 2003 году.

4. Партнерство в военной сфере является главным моментом двусторонних отношений между США и Великобританией. По количеству задействованных сил в иракской и афганской операциях Великобритания среди всех западных держав уступала только США.



5. Позиции двух стран остаются близкими по вопросу урегулирования ближневосточного конфликта.

6. Критики «особых отношений» утверждают, что даже в эпоху сверхдержав они всегда служили больше американским, чем британским интересам.

7. В годы правления М. Тэтчер Великобритания и США пережили расцвет особых отношений между ними, которые характеризовались как экстраординарные.

 

 

Text 4.

Read the text to obtain information.

BRITAIN AND EUROPE:

A HISTORY OF DIFFICULT RELATIONS

Britain’s semi-detached approach to Europe is older than the EU. As a sea power, Britain sought to stay out of continental European conflicts in order to pursue trade.

British PM Winston Churchill (1940-1945, 1951-1955), widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the 20th century, declared in 1946: “We must build a kind of United States of Europe.” Churchill was an early supporter of the pan-Europeanism that led to the formation of the European Common Market and later the EU. He believed that disunity was European’s weakness, unity – her strength.

Although it was the British PM who provided the theoretical basis for the modern European community, ironically Britain found it difficult to link domestic and European policies together.



For the former British Empire, belonging to European institutions meant a loss of its world-wide influence.

Britain didn’t take part in the founding of the EEC (European Economic Community). When the 6 EEC members flourished economically, Britain suffered economic decline.

In 1961 the Conservative Government led by H. Macmillan arrived to the conclusion that it was not such a bad idea to be a member of the EEC and applied to join it. President of France Charles de Gaulle vetoed the British application. He argued that British strong link to the USA as well as the British Commonwealth could hinder the British in their dedication to the EEC.

Only in 1973 the UK joined the EEC. Being a latecomer in the EEC, Britain had to accommodate itself to the already established policies and rules. Britain conflicted with some of them.

Margaret Thatcher, the longest-serving British PM of the 20th century (1979-1990), cultivated a close political and personal relationship with US President Ronald Reagan, based on a common mistrust of communism. She openly expressed her very negative attitude towards the EEC. She opposed to any closer integration with Europe. Thatcher was against EU monetary union, through which a single currency would replace national currencies. Also, for M. Thatcher, Britain was losing its independence and sovereignty by transferring the power of decision-making to Brussels.

She was replaced by John Major, whose government ratified the Maastricht Treaty (1992), which led to the formation of the EU (1993). In the 1990s after German reunification, Britain negotiated “opt-outs” of Economic and Monetary Union.

In 1997 the Labor PM, Tony Blair was very enthusiastic about the EU and he announced a referendum on adopting the Euro. But it didn’t take place during his service.

Many European countries saw the EU as a kind of counterweight to the USA. After the terrorist attacks in September 2001 Britain demonstrated “shoulder to shoulder” with America and sent its troops to Afghanistan and Iraq.

Nowadays the British PM makes it clear that there is a crisis of European competitiveness. He announced Britain would hold an “in-out” referendum on British membership of the EU. However, the referendum is likely, its outcome remains difficult to predict. In 1975 the British had a referendum on its membership of the EEC. Most British voters wanted to leave the so-called Common Market, but in the end, two-thirds of them voted to remain in it.

 

Topical Vocabulary:

 

1. pan-Europeanism идея объединения Европы
2. the European Common Market Европейский Общий Рынок
3. the European community Европейское сообщество
4. the Monetary Union Валютный Союз
5. a loss of influence потеря влияния
6. flourish (v) процветать
7. decline (v) economic decline (n) идти на убыль экономический упадок
8. veto (v) application наложить вето на вступление страны
9. hinder (v) мешать, быть помехой
10. dedication преданность
11. latecomer последний присоединившийся
12. accommodate oneself to rules, policies принять установленные правила
13. cultivate relationship культивировать
14. link together соединять
15. single currency единая валюта
16. transfer power to передавать власть
17. reunification объединение вновь
18. announce (hold) referendum on объявить (проводить) референдум по
19. adopt принять
20. counterweight противовес
21. compete competitive competitiveness соревноваться конкурентный конкурентоспособность
22. outcome итог, результат

 



 

Exercise 24.

Give the English equivalents to the following words and word-combinations:

потерять влияние на мировой арене; процветать; быть последним присоединившимся; принять уже устоявшиеся правила; выражать негативное отношение (к); единая валюта; передать полномочия; провести референдум о членстве страны; результат трудно предсказать; противовес; преданность; принять участие в образовании ЕС.

 

Exercise 25.

Give the Russian equivalents to the following words and word-combinations:

to suffer economic decline; European Common Market; EU Monetary Union; to veto the British application; to hinder the British in their dedication to the EEC; relationship based on a common mistrust of communism; to oppose to any closer integration with Europe; reunification; to link domestic and European policies together; to accommodate oneself to rules; power of decision-making.

 

Exercise 26.

Comprehension check.

• Did Winston Churchill pursue the policy of “splendid isolation”?

• Why didn’t Britain take part in the founding of the EEC?

• Why did Charles de Gaulle veto the British application to join the EEC?

• Did Margaret Thatcher back or oppose to Britain’s closer integration with Europe? Why?

• What role does Britain play in the European Union ?

 

Exercise 27.

Match the synonyms (column A – column B). Make up 5 sentences using the words from column B:

 

A B
1. be successful a) transfer smth to
2. movement to a worse position b) outcome
3. prevent smb from doing c) single currency
4. change oneself to fit new conditions d) decline (n)
5. refuse to allow smb to do smth e) mistrust
6. money used in the EU countries f) competitiveness
7. ability to compete successfully g) hinder
8. result h) flourish
9. move smth from one position to another i) accommodate oneself to
10. not to believe j) veto (v)

 

 

Exercise 28.

Fill in the missing words. Choose from the box:

 

political, mistrust, pan-Europeanism, flourished, unity, European common market, application, disunity, link, together, established, hinder, decline, dedication, personal, accommodate, vetoed

 

 

1. Winston Churchill was an early supporter of the ____ that led to the formation of the ____ and later the EU.

2. He believed that ____ was European’s weakness, ____ – her strength.

3. Ironically Britain found it difficult to ___ domestic and European policies____.

4. When the 6 EEC members ____ economically, Britain suffered economic____.

5. When Britain applied to join the EEC President of France Charles de Gaulle ____ the British____.

6. Charles de Gaulle argued that British strong link to the USA as well as the BritishCommonwealth could ____ the British in their ____ to the EEC.

7. Britain had to ____ itself to the already ____ policies and rules.

8. Margaret Thatcher cultivated a close ____ and ____ relationship with the US President, based on a common ____ of communism.

 

 

Exercise 29.

Comment on: The relationship between the UK and the US is deeply rooted.

 

 

Exercise 30.

 








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