Exercise 6. Find the English equivalent to the Russian verb.

1) Отмечать

2) Учреждать

3) Основывать

4) Включать в себя

5) Быть ответственным за что-либо

6) Назначать

7) Одобрять

8) Продолжать

9) Представлять

10) Становиться

UNIT 14. CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY

One of the most exciting things about Cambridge is that you are taught by people who are experts in their fields. But it isn’t just a case of sitting and listening to them in huge lecture halls: the Cambridge teaching system and the College way of life mean that you come into contact with these ‘world-class authorities’ on a regular and informal basis: at the coffee break, over lunch and in supervisions. Your Director of Studies, a senior member of your College, is there to arrange this small-group teaching which enables you to explore your subject with experts, in depth.

Because of its high academic reputation, admission to the University is highly competitive. Only about a third of applicants are admitted, and most overseas students already have a good degree from a university in their own country. Almost all students are required to study a complete Cambridge degree course lasting two, three or more years, during which they must live in Cambridge for specified periods totalling twenty-five weeks each year. Students are not usually admitted for part-time study, or to follow only part of a course, or to spend a period as an occasional student to gain credits as part of their work at another university. Some part-time degree courses and sessions of short courses are provided by the University's Board of Continuing Education (now Institute of Continuing Education).

At Cambridge you have the advantage of world-class teaching in two forms: you attend lectures, seminars and practicals alongside students from other Colleges, while also enjoying more personal tuition organised by your College.

Lectures provide you with the basics, on which your own research and reading will build. As many of your lecturers will be working at the forefront of their fields, lectures enable you to acquire the very latest information.

Seminars and classes, where lecturers explore a particular topic with medium-sized groups of students, are less formal than lectures. You are expected to contribute actively to the discussions.

Practicals are an important part of many courses. The laboratory and workshop facilities for practical work at Cambridge are exceptional, and are being improved all the time.

Dissertations – or long essays – and research projects are also a significant part of our courses – and many students think they are one of the best bits! These give you the chance to do original research, test out your theories and advance your own ideas. Your work might even get published while you are still an undergraduate.

Supervisions are one of the unique advantages of teaching at Cambridge. Supervisions are teaching sessions for pairs or small groups of students with a senior member of the University (your supervisor), often from your College, who is certainly a specialist and possibly one of the country’s leading authorities in the subject you are studying.

Work experience plays an important part in some of our courses. For instance, you may work abroad as part of your Modern Languages or Oriental Studies course, or be employed on a specific research project with a company if you are studying Engineering or the sciences. Sometimes these placements may lead to a job after you graduate.

The skills and talents you develop during your degree course will help you in employment after you graduate. If as a student you want to be sure you’re making the most of the opportunities on offer at Cambridge, there’s a specially designed interactive guide on our website that identifies the skills you need, and the resources available to you to develop them. Cambridge graduates of all disciplines are faced with numerous opportunities after completing their studies. In fact, Cambridge has one of the highest proportions of graduates entering graduate-level employment or further study in the country!

To tell the truth, Cambridge graduates are highly employable and sought after by employers: large and small, local and international, conventional and unconventional. In 2005, for example, over 96 per cent of graduates found jobs within six months. The Careers Service promotes more vacancies each year than there are Cambridge graduates seeking employment. Opportunities after Cambridge are wide and numerous – around a third of first degree graduates continue with some form of postgraduate study or vocational qualification either in this country or abroad.

EXERCISES

Exercise 1. Write down the questions for the answers.

1.One of the most exciting things about Cambridge is that you are taught by people who are experts in their fields.

2.Admission to Cambridge is highly competitive.

3.A complete Cambridge degree course last two, three or more years.

4.While studying at the University the students must live in Cambridge.

5.Lectures provide you with the basics and enable you to acquire the very latest information on the subject.

6.During the seminars and classes lecturers explore a particular topic with medium-sized groups of students

7.Seminars are less formal than lectures. You are expected to contribute actively to the discussions.

8.Dissertation is an original research, in which you can test out your theories and advance your own ideas.

9.The dissertation can be published while a student is still an undergraduate.

10.Supervisor is a person who provides small groups of students with teaching sessions.

11.Supervisor is a specialist in his field and possibly one of the country’s leading authorities in the subject.

12.While studying you may work abroad or be employed on a specific research project with a company if you are studying Engineering or the sciences.

13.Cambridge graduates are highly employable and sought after by employers.

Exercise 2. Match the nouns as they are used in the UNIT and make sentences with them.

1.exciting A.students

2.teaching B. group

3.world-class C.information

4.coffeeD.member

5.overseas E. thing

6.each F. authorities

7.the latest G. break

8.medium-sizedH. opportunities

9.senior I. study

10.numerous G. system

11.postgraduate K. year

Exercise 3. Find the synonyms.

Nouns

1.expert

2.field

3.system

4.tuition

5.research

6.study

7.employment

A. professional

B.job

C.earning

D.area

E.exploration

F.arrangement

G.teaching

Adjectives

8.regular

9.complete

10.another

11.short

12.practical

13.unique

14.small

15.important

16.specific

17.further

18.wide

19.numerous

A. large

B. additional

C. abbreviated

D. many

E. realistic

F. particular

G. total

H. broad

I. little

J. principal

K. unusual

L. different

20.huge

M. daily

Exercise 4. Answer the question about your Institute.

1.When was it established?

2.Who is its founder?

3.How many faculties are there?

4.What kind of education does your Institute provide (full-time, part-time etc.)?

5.What forms of education are there in your Institute (lectures, seminars, practical work etc.)?

6.What kind of specialist are you going to be?

7.How long do you have to study?

8.What subjects do you learn?

9.Are there any subjects which are not taught in your Institute but you want to learn them?

10.How many students are there in your group?

Exercise 5. Translate the verbs into Russian and make sentences with them.

1.to arrange

2.to enable

3.to explore

4.to admit

5.to require

6.to follow

7.to gain

8.to provide

9.to acquire

10.to explore

11.to expect

12.to contribute

13.to test out

PART II.

UNIT 1. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The United States of America, or the USA, the US, the States or America, is one of the biggest countries in the world. It occupies 9,363,123 square kilometers. It lies in the central part of the North American Continent between two oceans: the Atlantic Ocean to the East and the Pacific Ocean to the West. Canada to the north and Mexico to the south are the only countries bordering it.

The USA consists of three separate parts. These are the Hawaiian Islands, situated in the central part of the Pacific Ocean, Alaska separated by Canada, and the rest of the USA. The country consists of fifty states and the District of Columbia, which is not part of any states but a federal area governed by Congress. The states differ very much in size, population and economic development. Each region of the USA has characteristics of its own due to the differences in climate, landscape and geographical position. The south, and especially Taxes is rich in oil, the coalfields of Pennsylvania are rich in coal. Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska are the richest farming states, growing mostly corn and wheat and California is famous for its fruits.

The capital of the USA is Washington; besides there are many other big cities and towns in the USA. New York, for example, is a financial business centre, Chicago deals in meat processing, Los Angeles is famous for Hollywood. Other big cities are New Orleans, a cotton industry centre, Huston, an oil refining and NASA space research centre, Philadelphia, a shipping commercial centre, Detroit, a world’s leading motor car producer.

The United States of America is a parliamentary republic. The gov­ernment is divided into three branches: legislative (the US Congress), executive (the President and his Administration) and judicial (the US Supreme Court).

There are two main political parties in the USA: the Democratic (symbolized by a "donkey") and the Republican (its symbol is an "ele­phant"). The US President is both head of state and government. He is elected for a four-year term. Presidential elections are held every leap year on first Tuesday, following the first Monday in November. The President is assisted by Secretaries who are the heads of the executive departments.

The form of US government is based on the Constitution of September 17, 1787, adopted after the War of Independence. In December 1791, the Congress adopted ten amendments to the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights.

The Congress of the United States is composed of two houses, the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate represents the states and the House represents the population according to its distrib­ution among the states. All states have electoral requirements of the same nature. First of all they are residence requirements.

Through its power over the purse, the US Congress can control much that relates to foreign policy, also it is a governmental body that determines taxation.

Each of the fifty states of the USA has a constitution patterned after the federal Constitution, with its divisions of power: legislative, exec­utive, and judicial.

The Presidency means not only a man: it means an institution — the executive branch of the government.

The Supreme Court is the highest court in the country and the head of the judicial branch of US government. The federal and state courts have the power of "judicial review." Also there are about ninety district courts in different parts of the United States. American judicial practice is firmly committed to the idea of jury trials. The Constitution guarantees them for both criminal and civil cases. According to the US judicial doctrine, "justice is a relationship in which each citizen or group receives due respect and return."

EXERCISES

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