При образовании множественного числа имен существительных
№
п/п
| Способ
образования
| Единственное
число
| Множественное
число
|
|
|
|
| 1.
| Изменение
корневой гласной
| e.g. а man [mæn] мужчина
| men [men]
| e.g. а woman [‘wυmən] женщина
| women [‘wimin]
| e.g. а foot [fυt] нога
| feet [fi:t]
| e.g. а goose [gυ:z] гусь
| geese [gi:z]
| e.g. а mouse [maυs] мышь
| mice [mais]
| 2.
| С помощью
суффиксов
en / ren
| e.g. аn ox [ɒks] бык
| oxen [ɒksn]
| e.g. а child [tʃaild] ребёнок
| children [‘tʃildrən]
| 3.
| Совпадение форм единственного/
множественного чисел
| e.g. а fish [fiʃ] рыба
| e.g. а fish [fiʃ] рыба
| e.g. а sheep [ʃi:p] овца
| e.g. а sheep [ʃi:p] овца
| e.g. а salmon [‘sæmən] лосось
| e.g. а salmon [‘sæmən] лосось
| e.g. а deer [diə] олень
| e.g. а deer [diə] олень
|
|
|
|
| 4.
| Сложные существитель-ные
| e.g. a grown-up [‘grəυunʌp] взрослый
| e.g. a grown-ups
| e.g. a mother-in-law [‘mʌðəinlɒ:] свекровь
| mothers
| e.g. a passer-by [,pa:sə‘bai] прохожий
| passers-by
| e.g. a manservant [,mæn‘sɜ:vənt]
мужчина-слуга
| menservants
| 5.
| Существитель-ные латинского/ греческого происхождения
| e.g.a phenomenon [fə‘nɒminən]явление
| phenomena[fə‘nɒminə]
| e.g. a corpus [‘kɒpəs] тело
| corpora [‘kɒpərə]
| e.g. an antenna [æn‘tenə] антенна
| antennae [æn‘teni:]
| e.g. a crisis [‘kraisis] кризис
| crises [‘kraisi:z]
| e.g. formula [‘fɒ:mjυlə] формула
| formulae [‘fɒ:mjυli:]
| 6.
| Существитель-ные,
имеющие только единственное / множественное число
| e.g. information [infə‘meiʃn] информация
е.g. knowledge [‘nɒliʤ] знание
e.g. furniture [‘fɜ:nitʃə] мебель
e.g. luggage [‘lʌgiʤ] багаж
| 1. переводятся существительным в единственном числе
e.g. arms [a:mz] оружие
e.g. clothes[k‘ləυθiz] одежда
2. переводятся существительным во множественном числе
e.g. news [njυ:s] новости
|
Упражнение 12. Укажите правильный вариант множественного числа имен существительных:
1. Two ... live in this cottage.
a)childs b) children
2. George! Invite this … to our English party.
a)men b) man
3. There is a cow, two pigs and many … in the back yard.
a)sheep b) sheeps
4. Our history teacher gave us good … .
a)knowledges b) knowledge
5. We got much new … from Mr. Brown.
a)informations b) information
6. Two false … spoil Gwen’s* smile.
a)tooths b) teeth
7. Hywel!* Don’t forget all … at your exam!
a)formula b) formulae
8. There are many … in Hyde Park.
a)passer-bys b) passers-by
9. Dilys* is not good at … .
a)physic b) physics
10. She always buys new … for national holidays.
а) сlothes b) cloths
____________________________________________________________________
*Cм.: Приложение 3 «Британские имена British Names»
Упражнение 13. Выберите правильный вариант множественного/
единственного числа имён существительных:
In Britain1 celebrate Christmas Day* on the 25th of December. Christmas Eve is full of magic for 2. In the evening on the 24th of December they hang Christmas 3 on beds or put them under theChristmas tree. They wait for Father Christmas presents and other miracles. Father Christmas puts 4 into Christmas stockings. A Christmas stocking is not a real stocking, sometimes it is a sack or a bag, big and beautifully decorated.
Naturally, grown-ups care about presents for children, which they put into stockings. On Christmas Eve the British also enjoy lighting candles. If there are children in the family, they often have Christmas crackers. When you pull a cracker it makes a bang and inside there is usually a Christmas hat, a small toy or a piece of paper with a joke on it. On Christmas young British play under Christmas trees, look for presents in their Christmas stockings on their beds or under Christmas tree, eat Christmas turkey, puddings, go to the theatrewith parents and watchpantomimes.A pantomime is a traditional performance for children on Christmas. There are the following characters in every pantomime: the principal boy, the principal girl (who always marries to the principal boy in the end) and the dame (who is a comic figure, usually the mother of the principal boy or girl; a man often plays this role). There are two fairies – a good fairy and a bad fairy in the pantomime.
All children have much 6 when they watch fairy tales with princes, beautiful 7 and 8 («Cinderella», «Pussу in Boots», «Dick Whittington» and many others). There is a special theatre in London where pantomimes are performed. It is called Player's Theatre. Every pantomime has a transformation scene. During this scene 9 happen. For example, Cinderella as a rule changes into a beautiful princess. Children like these scenes very much. There are two 10 who usually take part in a pantomime. Children enjoy watching funny tricks. Carols are also sung before Christmas, many of them celebrate the birth of Jesus. Children sing carols in front of the Christmas tree. In small towns and villages waits often come and stand in front of houses and sing or play carols. They receive money for their singing or playing. They give the money to poor and old people.
_______________________________________________________________________________
* См.: Глоссарий «Социокультурной портрет Великобритании»
Stockings чулoчки
Full of wonder and magic полон магии и волшебства
It is replaced by sacks or bags заменяется мешком или сумкой
A pantomime зд. рождественское представление для детей
А comic figure комический персонаж
А good (bad) fairy добрая (злая) фея, волшебница
«Pussy in Boots» «Кот в сапогах»
«Dick Whittington» «Дик Уиттингтон» (английская сказка)
The Player's Theatre театр «Плейерз»
A transformation scene зд. сцена волшебного превращения
Waits Рождественский хор
Carols рождественские гимны
To sing or play carols пeть гимны или разыгрывать сценки (на основе этих гимнов)
1. a) people b) peoples
2. a) childs b) children
3. a) stockings b) stocking
4. a) presentes b) presents
5. a) growns-up b) grown-ups
6. a) fun b) funs
7. a) princesses b) princessies
8. a)fairesb) fairies
9. a) miracles b) miraclies
10. a) clowns b) clownes
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