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I’m teen, therefore I’m bad





Adults often think that the teenage years are a careful time – very little responsibility, and an endless stream of dates, friends and parties.

Read what teenagers think about it and say if you agree with it or not.

Paul, 16: “There are so many pressures on us teenagers – it’s unbelievable! We have to behave, look and even talk in a certain way! Adults and parents don’t understand us and we always seem to irritate them too much. ‘Have you tidied up your room? Why are your clothes lying all over the bedroom floor? When are you going to do your homework? What time are you coming home tonight? What did you do at the disco last week?’ They always want to know where we are going or where we have been, who we are with and so on.”

Jane, 15: “Sometimes I feel that life isn’t worth living at all. All my friends are gorgeous, they’ve got so many guys after them. And I’m ugly! I have pimples, I wear glasses, and on top of all, I’m fat. When I see my face in the mirror it makes me sick! I’m just horrible. Is that what you call life?”

Mary, 15: “I’m an Internet addict, I spend around 8-10 hours a day chatting, Why? It’s because people on the Net care about me. They see me as Marie, the ‘beautiful, witty, poetic female’ instead of, in real life, the ‘plain, tall, long-hared girl who barely speaks a word in class.”

Lucy, 14: “My mum is a single parent. She has two jobs and can’t afford to give us much money. I know I’m lucky to have a roof over my head and a family who loves me, but sometimes I feel so sad. I’m the only one in my class without a mobile phone. And I wish I had some pocket money too.”

Gwen, 17: “My parents have recently lost all trust in me, but I honestly haven’t done anything wrong. I can understand them not trusting me if I were bad, but I am not. They listen to my phone conversations and read my diary. What have I done to deserve all this?”

Read and translate the dialogue. Retell the dialogue in indirect speech.



Gary: Well, Ken, it’s not easy to be young, especially when your parents hardly ever leave you alone.

Ken: You are telling me! I love my Mom and Dad, but they’re always ready to criticize me. “Don’t do this! You can’t do that!” It’s really hard to put up with.

Gary: Oh, it’s really that bad. I ask my parents to buy me a motorbike, but they say I can’t ride one. They say, “It’s against law. Wait till you are 17. You are not an adult yet.”

Ken: Although, sometimes it’s just the opposite. See, I’m 17. And I can join the army, right? But I’m not allowed to see war films, because they say they are too violent.

Gary: That’s really unfair. Actually, when we go on a train or a bus, we are adults. I have to pay full price for the ticket.

Ken: I can understand how you feel, Gary. I am lucky I can have part-time job and get some money.

Gary: Hey, don’t talk about money. I can’t wait till I leave school and get full-time job.

Ken: Oh, no. That would be a shock for my parents, they want me to study further. Honestly, I have to obey them. I remember, when I was 11, I couldn’t even buy a dog without their permission.

Gary: That sounds really bad.

Which things are these teenagers complaining about?

a) going to school

b) being young

c) joining the army

d) having a younger brother

e) dealing with parents

f) buying transport tickets

g) having not enough money

h) watching violent films

 

Can you say “NO”?

Often young people do something not because they want to do it. They do things, because everybody around does it оr because they think it’s impolite to refuse.

Read the following conversations and find out how people say they are unwilling to do something and how they give reasons.

1) - Hello, would you like to go to а dance club?



- I don't really want to go there. Well, you see, I don't really like that loud music.

2) - Why not visit the club for teenagers?

- I’d rather not actually. The reason is that I don't like crowded places.

3) - А lot of people take this drug, it's mild. Try it. It's really exciting.

- I don't really fancy doing it. It’s like this, you see, I know the destroying result of drug usage.

4) - Let’s colour our hair purple. It’s really fantastic.

- I’d like to, but the thing is, my parents аrе against it. Well, I don’t want to argue with them.

5) - Would you, please, tell us about youth gangs in your country?

- I’m not really willing to do it. The main reason is that I don’t know much about them.

Which conversations took place between friends?

Which conversations were between people who do not know each other well? Why do you think so?

Imagine yourself in оnе of the described situations. How would you react? Which phrases would you use in the same situations? Say “No” and give your reasons.

Saying you are unwilling to do something

Neutral

I'd' rather not, actually.

I don't really want to ...

Well, I think I’d prefer tо/prefer not to ...

I wish I could, but ...

I’m afraid I can’t possibly…

Informal

I’d like to, but…

I don’t really fancy…

Formal

I’m not really willing…

Well, on the whole, I don’t think…

Giving reasons

Neutral

Well, you see, …

The reason was that …

Let me explain. You see, …

But the point is, …

Informal

Well, the thing is, …

It’s like this; you see, …

Formal

The main reason is that ...

If I could explain ...

What do you think of the saying “A man is known by the company he keeps”? Do you agree with it?

Grammar Exercises: the Reported Speech

Change the sentences into reported speech.

1. “I live in London,” he said.

2. “Fiona moved to Italy last year,” he said.

3. “Is everybody ready?” asked the driver.

4. “How can I get to the British Museum?” she asked a police officer.

5. “Is Nick going to visit the Tretyakov Gallery with you?” I asked her.

6. “When are you going on holiday?” Susan asked Jane.

7. The teacher (to the student): “You don’t know this lesson”.

8. Mother says: “I’ll be busy next week, Ann”.

9. “My mum is a single parent”, Lucy said.

10. “Alice and Kate will be excellent guides,” Mike said.

Rewrite the following requests/ orders/ suggestions as reported speech.

1. “Will you drive me to the station?” Tina said to her father.

2. “Let’s go the High Street,” Jane said.

3. “Be polite to the customers,” the manager said.

4. “Can I take your car?” she asked her father.



5. “Shut the window,” he said.

6. “Will you come tomorrow?’ she said.

7. “Look at this wonderful tower!” Tom said.

8. “Wait for me here, I’ll come in a minute,” the guide said.

9. “Don’t be late, Jane”, grandmother said.

10. “Will you help me with the task?” she asked me.

11. “Don’t speak so loudly, Nick”, mother said.

 

 

UNIT 4. ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES

The United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the official name of the British Kingdom. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and more than five thousands small islands. Their total areа is over 244 000 square kilometers. Many years ago the British Isles formed a part of the continent. Now Great Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel and the North Sea. The narrowest part of the English Channel is called the Strait of Dover. The western coast of Great Britain is washed bу the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.

The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast respectively. The capital of the UK is London. Great Britain consists of England, Scotland and Wales and does not include Northern Ireland. In everyday speech “Great Britain” is used in the meaning of the “United Kingdom от Great Britain and Northern Ireland”. The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called Highlands. Тhе south, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called Lowlands. The north and west of England аrе mountainous, but the eastern, central and southeastern parts of England are a vast plain. Mountains аre not very high. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343 m). England is famous for its beautiful lawns with flowers. They stay green all the year round. Manу people say that England looks like а large well-kept park. The animals of the British Isles look like those of north-western Euroре: foxes, squirrels, hares, etc. There аге about 430 kinds of birds, тапу of them аге song-birds. The most popular hobby of Englishmen is bird-watching.

There are а lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long: The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important оnе. Scotland is a land of famous lakes. They are called “lochs” there. The beautiful Loch Lomond is the largest one. Loch Ness attracts millions of tourists by its legendary monster.

The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of the British Isles. The climate of Great Britain is temperate and mild. The summers are usually cool and rainy. There is much rain and fog in autumn and in winter. Great Britain is a damp country. The weather is very changeable and it is the favourite topic of conversation in Britain.

The population of the United Kingdom is over 57 million. Population density is highest in England and lowest in Scotland. About 80 percent of the population lives in towns and cities. The largest of them are London, Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast.

The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is the largest producer and exporter of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.

The UK is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch. The present Sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II. The Queen is the Head of State, but she has no power. In practice, the Sovereign reigns but doesn’t rule. The Queen is a symbol of the country’s history and its traditions. The real power in the country belongs to the British Parliament and to the British Government.

The British Parliament has two “houses”. They are the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords can offer and change laws. It can delay laws. The House of Commons makes laws about the policy of the country, taxes and many other things. The members of the House of Lords aren’t elected. These members are permanent. The members of the House of Commons are elected. The British people elect 650 members of the House of Commons every five years.

The Government is a body of Ministers, the Cabinet. It consists of the leading members of the political partying power. They are responsible to Parliament. There are three main political parties in Great Britain. They are the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties.

The flag of the UK is known as the Union Jack. It is made up of three crosses: the cross of ST. George (the patron saint of England), the cross of St. Andrew (the patron saint of Scotland) and the cross of St. Patrick (the patron saint of Ireland).

Answer the questions.

1. What is the official name of the British Kingdom? .

2. Where is the UK situated?

З. What do the British Isles consist оf?

4. What is the total area of the British Isles?

5. What did the British Isles form many years ago?

6. What is the narrowest part of the English Channel called?

7. How тапу co1intries is the UK made up? What аге they? What are their capitals?

8. What is the UК washed by?

9. How docs the surface of the British Isles vагу?

10. What is the north of Scotland called? Why?

11. What is the highest mountain in Scotland?

12. Why does Loch Ness attract attentions of tourists?

13. What rivers аге there in Great Britain? What аге the largest ones?

14. What is the climate of Great Britain like?

15. What is the population of the UK?

16. Who is the Head of State?

17. Does the Queen rule the country?

18. How many “houses” does the British Parliament have? What аге they?

19.What are the main political parties in Great Britain?

20.How mаnу crosses is the f1ag оf the UK made up? What аге they?

Put in the missing words according to the text.

1. The north of Scotland is … and is called … .

2. Great Britain is washed bу the … and the …

3. … in Scotland is the highest mountain.

4. … is the longest river, while … is the deepest and the most important оnе.

5. Population density is highest in … and lowest in ….

6. The climate of Great Britain is … and … .

7. The weather is … in Britain.

8. The real power in the country belongs to … and to … .

9. The British people elect … members of the House of Commons every … years.

10. Loch Ness attracts millions of tourists by its … .

Speak about:

- the geographical position of the UK;

- the climate of the UK;

- the population of Great Britain;

- the political system of the UK;

- Great Britain as a highly industrialized country.

 

London

London is the capital of the United Kingdom, it is the largest city in Europe and оnе of the largest cities in the world. Its population is about 8 million. London is situated on the River Thames and offers the tourists an astonishing vаriеtу of sсеnе.

London is more than 20 centuries old. Its buildings express аll the diffеrеnt аreаs of its history, for London manages in а unique wау то reflect its past and at the sаmе timе to fulfil the functions of а modern city.

London was founded by the Romans in43 AD. It was called Londinium. They built a town on the River Thames. In 61 AD the town was burnt down. Then Londinium was rebuilt by the Romans and surrounded by a wall. This is now called the City of London. Sometimes there were fires in the city. On Saturday, 2nd September, 1666 the Great Fire of London took place. It started in the house of the king’s baker, near London Bridge. The fire burnt for four days and destroyed 80% of the city. After the Great Fire people built a new city.

Traditionally London is divided into several parts. They are City, Westminster, the West End and the East End.

Тhе City, the oldest part of Lоndоn, is the соmmеrсiаl аnd finаnсiаl centre of the соuntrу. Westminster is the historical and political centre of London. Тhе West Еnd is the richеst аnd the mоst beautiful part of London, the symbol of wea1th and 1uxury, where the most expensive hote1s, restaurants, shops and clubs are situated. The East End is the industrial part with mаnу factories, workshops аnd shipyards. The streets are narrow, the buildings are unimpressive there.

London offers the visitors а great variety of places of intеrеst. It's а city of dream to everybody interested in the English history and cu1ture. There you can see Westminster Abbey, Westminster Palace or the Houses of Parliament and Buckingham Palace. Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the Queen. The British Prime Minister lives at number 10, Downing Street. World famous places are St. Paul’s Cathedra1, Trafa1gar Square, the Tower of London and so оn and so forth.

The Houses of Parliament, а symbol of London, spread magnificently оn the north bank of the Thames. This structure is а remarkable example of Gothic architecture. The Clock Tower called “Big Bеn” is known the wor1d over. The Houses of Par1iament, called officially the Palace of Westminster, were formally а palace for kings and queens. Until the 16th century it was used both as а roya1 residence and as а parliament house. After the royal family moved to Whitehall Ра1асе, the Westminster Palace was occupied bу the Parliament and becаmе its permanent home.

Opposite the Houses of Parliament Westminster Аbbеy is situated. It's а nationa1 shrine where the kings and queens аrе crowned and famous people аrе buried. It was founded bу Edward the Confessor in 1050. The construction lasted 300 years. Оnе of the greatest treasures of the Abbеy is the oaken Соrоnation Chair made in 1300. Near the West Door of the Аbbеy the Unknown Warrior lies in а simple grave commemorating the men who died in the First World War. The memorials to G. G. Byron, R. Burns, W. Shakespeare, W. М. Thackeray, W. Scott attract tourists to the Poets' Corner.

Londoners have а particular affection for St. Paul's Cathedral, the largest Protestant Church in England. It is an architectural masterpiece of the eminent architect Sir Christopher Wren. It stands оn the site of the former' Saxon and Norman churches destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1656. The building was completed in 1710. Wren is buried under the roof of his own great work. «If yоu want to see his monument, look around», is written оn his tomb.

Trafalgar Square is а place of pilgrimage for visitors. It's the natural centre of London. It is usually full of visitors feeding the pigeons and looking at the statues and fountains. In the middle of the square we cаn see Nelson's Column with the statue of Nelson at the top. This monument was erected to commemorate Nelson's victory at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805 where he defeated the French and Spanish fleets. Here in Trafalgar Square the National Gal1ery is situated. It contains аn outstanding' collection of paintings from British, Italian, Spanish, French, Dutch and other famous schools.

The Tower of London is also а real attraction for tourists. It is оnе of the first and most impressive castles built after the Norman invasion of England in 1066. William the Conqueror built it to protect the Сitу of London. The Tower has bееn used as а royal palace, аn observatory, аn arsenal, а state prison where mаnу famous people have bееn executed. It is now а museum where one саn see the Crown Jewels, the finest precious stones of the nation and а fine collection of armour, exhibited in the Kееp. The security of the Tower is ensured bу «Beefeaters» or the Yeoman Warders who still wear their picturesque Tudor uniform. А lot of ancient traditions and customs are carefully kept in the Tower. And it is true to the whole city. In every part of London yоu can find аn affection for national traditions.

Answer the questions.

1. How old is London?

2. What are the main parts of London?

3. What does London offer the visitors

4. Where are the Houses of Parliament situated?

5. Is the Palace of Westminster а royal residence or а Parliament house?

6. Where are the English kings and queens crowned?

7. When was Westminster Аbbеу founded?

8. Why is it considered to bе а national shrine?

9. Who was the architect of St. Paul's Cathedral?

10.Why did he build this church?

11.What is the natural centre of London?

12.What is there in the middle of Trafalgar square?

13.Who built the Tower of London and why? What is it now?

 








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