Put missing words in the sentences below.

What did you do … holiday?

Shall we have our holiday in this country or shall we go …?

A long journey by sea is … .

Someone you have invited to visit your home is … .

We talked to some of the other … on the train.

Shall we stay the night there or just go there on a … trip?

Give Russian equivalents for the following proverbs.

When you are abroad live according to the customs of the place.

He travels the fastest who travels alone.

In sports and journeys men are known.

Where can you see these notices? Choose the correct answer.

PLEASE DON’T TALK TO THE DRIVER – bus/ship

FASTEN YOUR SEAT BELT – bus/plane

LIFE JUCKET UNDER SEAT – ship/train

EMERGENCY STOP ONLY – train/taxi

PLEASE HAVE CHANGE READY – plane/bus

Active Vocabulary

to travel by car (by train, by plane/air, by ship) - путешествовать на машине (поезде, самолете, корабле)

traveller - путешественник

voyage – путешествие (морское)

trip – путешествие, экскурсия

cruise – круиз, морское путешествие

journey – поездка, путешествие

to go hiking – ходить пешком

to pack things – паковать вещи

a trunk – чемодан (большой)

a suitcase - чемодан

abroad – за границу, за границей

beforehand - заранее

booking office – касса (билетная)

to travel light – путешествовать налегке

heavy luggage- тяжелый багаж

to book a ticket – заказать билет

to buy a ticket – купить билет

in advance – заранее, вперед

to see smb off – провожать кого-либо

a railway station – вокзал, станция

a platform - платформа

a passenger -пассажир

to take a train –ехать поездом

a train for – поезд на …

a single ticket – билет в одном направлении

a return ticket – обратный билет

a waiting room – зал ожидания

a porter - носильщик

to carry a luggage – нести багаж

a through train – прямой поезд

a stopping train – поезд, идущий с остановками

a place of destination – место назначения

a sleeping car – спальный вагон

a compartment car –купейный вагон

a carriage - вагон

to arrive in - прибывать

to leave – уезжать, покидать

to land - приземлиться

to take off - взлетать

to cancel - отменять

to pass through customs – пройти таможню

on board a plane – на борту самолета

to register - зарегистрироваться

to weigh - взвесить

a stewardess - стюардесса

to fasten a seat-belt – пристегнуть ремень безопасности

to be airsick (seasick) – страдать воздушной (морской) болезнью

to offer newspapers – предложить газеты

a business class – бизнес-класс

an economy class – эконом-класс

a seaside – морское побережье

a bathing suit – купальный костюм

sunglasses – солнцезащитные очки

to lie in the sun – загорать

to bathe - купаться

a beach - пляж

tent - палатка

to go climbing – подниматься в горы

a rucksack - рюкзак

a camp – лагерь, место привала, бивак

Grammar exercises: the Present Perfect Tense

Translate the sentences into Russian. Mind the verbs in the Present Perfect tense.

1. I have never travelled by sea.
2. Have you already packed the things?
3. I haven’t seen you for ages!
4. She hasn’t booked the tickets yet.
5. Ann has come to see her friend off.

Put questions to the sentences.

1. I have visited Spain this summer.
2. We have fastened the belts because the plane is landing.
3. Tom has never travelled on a motor boat as he is not a good sailor.
4. I’ve crossed the Channel once before but I didn’t enjoy it.
5. I haven’t found my seat yet.

Choose the correct form of the verb in Present Perfect.

1. Have/has the train gone?
2. You have/has missed the train.
3. Look here, you haven’t/hasn’t done up your safety-belt yet.
4. Have/has flight 318 been announced yet?
5. Look! Your friend have/has come to meet you.

Choose suitable remarks for each of the statements on the left side of the page.

1. I don’t see my rucksack. a) The porter has brought it here.
2. I’m so tired. b) Have you fastened your belt?
3. The plain is starting off. c) She has already bought the ticket.
4. She is going to Moscow. d) It has just been here!
5. My luggage is so heavy. e) I have walked 5 miles!

Combine the following words and word-groups into sentences paying attention to the verbs in Present Perfect.

1. Everything, has, she, packed.
2. Never, to Paris, been, she, has.
3. Once, only, has, there, been, he.
4. Just, me, the porter, told, about it, has.
5. Have, never, I, far from, travelled, my home.
6. Has, Vlad, to go, decided, to St. Petersburg, with Lena.
7. Things, changed, have, nowadays, significantly.
8. Easier, has, travelling, become.
9. Bought, she, a return ticket, has, beforehand.
10. You, taken, sunglasses, and, your, bathing suit, have?

UNIT 2. MY NATIVE COUNTRY

Russia

I live in Russia. Russia is my native country. The Russian Federation is one of the largest countries in the world. It occupies about one-seventh part of dry land. It takes ten hours to cross it by plane! It is situated on two continents – Europe and Asia. But only 20% of Russia is in Europe. Its total area is over 17 million squire kilometers.

The country is washed by 12 seas and 3 oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic oceans. Our neighbours in the south are China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west we have borders with Norway, Finland, Belarus and the Ukraine.

There is no country in the world like Russia, with its steppes in the south, plains and forests in the midland, tundra and taiga in the north, highlands and deserts in the east. There aren’t any trees in tundra, it is frozen for most of the year. Taiga is a thick forest with a lot of dark pine, fir, and cedar trees. Some parts of the country are covered with mountains and hills. The most famous mountains in Russia are the Urals. There are 150 volcanoes in Kamchatka Peninsula, 30 of which are active. Mount Elbrus, in the Caucasus mountain range, is the highest peak in the country.

There are many rivers in Russia, the longest rivers are the Volga in Europe and the Yenisei and the Ob in Asia. The world’s deepest lake – Lake Baikal, with the depth of 1600 metres, is situated in Russia. The water in the lake is so clear, that if you look down you can count stones on the bottom.

There are different types of climate on the territory of the country. It is very cold in the North even in summer. The central part of the country has mild climate: winters are cold, springs and autumns are warm or cool, summers are hot and warm. In the South the temperature is usually above zero all year round, even in winter. Summer is really hot, the climate is very favourable. The climate of Siberia is continental: summers are hot and dry, winters are very cold.

Russia is very rich in oil, coal, iron ore, natural gas, copper, gold, nickel and other mineral resources.

The capital of Russia is Moscow. It is the largest political, cultural and industrial centre. It is one of the oldest Russian cities.

The history of Russia dates back to the year 862. The story of our country has always been the history of struggle for its liberation and independence from different invaders in different times: the Tatar Yoke, the Napoleon occupation, World War I and World War II, it has suffered grief and sorrow.

The population of Russia is about 150 million people. Russian people are not always a Slavic type. They do not all have blue eyes and fair hair. Russian people may look like Spaniards, Greeks, Jews, Turks, Koreans or Mongolians. Russian people are part of a big community of more than 100 nations and ethnic groups. There are Russians, Tatars, Ukrainians, Chuvashes, Bashkirs, Belorussians and Mordvins. Almost everyone in Russia speaks Russian as well as their national language. Children study local languages at school.

There are five main religions in Russia. Orthodox Christians, Catholics, Muslims, Jews, and Buddhists live side by side all over the country.

Russian people are all different, but together they built a strong country – the Russian Federation.

Answer the questions.

1. What is the size of Russia?

2. What oceans is Russia washed by?

3. What are the neighbouring countries of Russia?

4. What are the main rivers of Russia?

5. What are the natural resources of Russia?

6. What is the population of Russia?

7. What nationalities live in Russia?

8. What are the main religions of Russia?

9. What is the climate of the central part of Russia?

10. What is taiga?

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