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Educating Tomorrow's Engineers





Engineering education developed very differently on the Continent and in the UK. In general on the Continent, engineering and the technical sciences were set up in technical universities, while in the UK engineering de­partments were set up in multi-discipline universities. As a consequence, engineering education developed on the Continent as a more professionally oriented subject, while in the UK the emphasis has been on engineering science. Perhaps because of their size and their more professional engineering-oriented courses the Continental technical universities have developed a much closer relationship with industry. In Germany, the Herr Professor is also likely to be a Herr Director and there are many visiting industrial professors, who will spend a day a week in the University. In France much of the lecturing is provided by staff from the appropriate industries. There is nothing similar in UK engineering departments.

The question is what is to be done about engineering education in the UK? In the opinion of Britain's specialists, 70 to 80 engineering faculties in English universities and polytechnics should be condensed down into 20 or so major technical universities. They should become more in­dustrially-oriented.

Lastly, the objective of engineering education and training should be recognized. So what should be the objective of undergraduate education? It is to educate and train people to think and search out knowledge for them­selves, and to have the self-assurance to apply it to the job in hand. Many of the courses are now much too inten­sive and students have too little time or encouragement, to read and think for themselves. The solution is to recognize that it is impossible to cover all the subjects which an engineer may find useful in a lifetime, and realize that if he has been correctly educated he can read up on subjects which he may need as he progresses in his career.

However, industry must recognize that a graduate will need training in the specific area in which he is working, and must also be prepared to encourage him to attend continuing education courses and/or semi­nars and conferences as appropriate. It is clear that there is to be much more interchange of staff between industry and higher education.



The education and training of engineers must be a partnership between industry and higher education, which extends from undergraduate education and train­ing through to post-graduate short and long courses and research.

 

 

VARIANT 2

1а. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий:

Short, cold, wide, progressive, efficient, clearly.

1б. Употребите прилагательные и наречия, данные в скобках, в нужной степени сравнения:

1. The sound grew . . . and . . . . (faint)

2. The party was not so . . . as I had expected. (gay)

2. Употребите нужную форму личных и притяжательных местоимений:

1. (Не) . . . composition is very interesting.

2. (We ). . . son goes to school.

3. What is the matter with (he, him) today?

4. He explains the lesson to (we, us) each morning.

5. (Their, theirs) knowledge of the subject is not much superior to (our, ours).

6. You take care of (your, yours) things and I'll take care of (my, mine).

 

3. Заполните пропуски глаголом to be, to have, употребляя соответствующую форму в Present Indefinite (Simple):

1. I . . . a teacher.

2. John . . . absent from class today.

3. We . . . many friends in Moscow.

4. Both brothers . . . red hair

4. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:



1. She .has one sister and two brothers.

2. We have a large library at school.

3. Both brothers have red hair.

4. Harry's dog has а long tail.

5. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past, Future Indefinite (Simple):

1. We always (play) tennis on Saturdays.

2. She (speak) several foreign languages.

3. He always (want) to learn English.

4. Ann and I (talk) over the telephone yesterday.

5. I (finish) the work in April.

6. The shops (close) at noon today.

7. He will be able to meet us later.

8. Our drama society will present a new play this year.

9. She (be) in the same class as Nick last year.

10. We (be) tired after our long walk.

 

6.Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. She makes mistakes in spelling.

2. They enjoy their English lessons.

3. The crowd waited a long time to see the famous actor.

4. He worked in that Institute for many years.

7. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной форме, употребляя во­просительные слова, данные в скобках:

1. The performance lasted two hours. (How long)

2. He went to London to see some friends. (Why)

3. Speech is a kind of vibration. (What)

4. Painting is an ancient art. (What)

 

8. Образуйте Past Indefinite (Simple) и Participle II от следующих глаголов. Проверьте себя по таблице неправильных глаголов:

to build, to think, to go, to see, to give, to meet, to write, to read, to know, to take, to teach, to feel, to have, to come, to begin, to find, to get, to say, to tell, to put, to leave, to do, to sing, to lose, to stand.

 

Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past, Future Continuous

(Progressive):

1. Listen! Someone (knock) at the door.

2. The bus (stop) for us now.

3. The accident happened while they (travel) in the South.

4. When I got up this morning, the sun (shine) brightly.

5. I (wait) on the corner for you at the usual time tomorrow morning.

6. It probably (rain) when you get back.

10. Замените в следующих предложениях действительный залог страдательным. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. The little boy ate the cake.

2. The teacher corrects our exercises at home.

 

11.Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. The book will be published in spring.

2. The class is taught by Mr. Smith.

3. It was designed by a French engineer.



4. This book is always read by the students of the first course.

12. Переведите текст, напишите 5 вопросов, раскрывающих основное содержание текста:

The Engineering Profession

Engineering is one of the most ancient occupations in history. Without the skills included in the broad field of engineering, our present-day civilization never could have evolved. The first toolmakers who chipped arrows and spears from rock were the forerunners of modern mechanical engineers. The craftsmen who discovered met­als in the earth and found ways to refine and use them were the ancestors of mining and metallurgical engineers. And the skilled technicians who devised irrigation systems and erected the marvelous buildings of the ancient world were the civil engineers of their time.

Engineering is often defined as making practical appli­cation of theoretical sciences such as physics and mathe­matics. Many of the early branches of engineering were based not on science but on empirical information that depended on observation and experience.

The great engineering works of ancient times were 1 constructed and operated largely by means of slave labor. During the Middle Ages people began to seek devices and methods of work that were more efficient and | humane. Wind, water, and animals were used to provide energy for some of these new devices. This led to the Industrial Revolution which began in the eighteenth century. First steam engines and then other kinds of ma­chines took over more and more of the work that had previously been done by human beings or by animals. James Watt, one of the key figures in the early devel­opment of steam engines, devised the concept of horse­power to make his customers understand the amount of work his machines could perform.

Since the nineteenth century both scientific research and practical application of its results have escalated. The mechanical engineer now has the mathematical abil­ity to calculate the mechanical advantage that results from the complex interaction of many different mechan­isms. He or she also has new and stronger materials to work with and enormous new sources of power. The In­dustrial Revolution began by putting water and steam to work; since then machines using electricity, gasoline, and other energy sources have become so widespread that they now do a very large proportion of the work of the world.

VARIANT 3

1а. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий:

Large, kind, long, clearly, beautiful, difficult.

1б. Употребите прилагательные и наречия, данные в скобках, в нужной степени сравнения:

1. I have no one . . . than you. (near)

2. What is the . . . news? (late)

2. Употребите нужную форму личных и притяжательных местоимений:

1. You) . . . sister is young.

2. (They) . . . knowledge of the subject is very poor.

3. She sits near (I, me) during the lesson.

4. I always speak to (he, him) in English.

5. You take care of (your, yours) things and I'll take care of (my, mine).

6. All (our, ours) clothes were dirty, and (my, mine) especially so.

 

3. Заполните пропуски глаголом to be, to have, употребляя соответствующую форму в Present Indefinite (Simple):

1. The weather . . . good today.

2. The sky . . . clear.

3. Harry's dog ... a long tail.

4. Helen . . . a headache

4. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. They are in Europe now.

2. He is a student.

3.They have a new car.

4. She has green eyes.

5. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past, Future Indefinite (Simple):

1. The children (play) in the park everу afternoon.

2. Helen (work) very hard.

3. They (live) in France for many years.

4. The meeting (last) about two hours.

5. We (arrive) at three o'clock.

6. She (tell) you all about it.

7. The weather (be) yesterday very warm.

8. There (be) a lot of students absent from class yesterday.

 

6. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной формах:

1. They live in Kiev.

2. We use our books in class.

3. We arrived home late.

4. He entered this class in April.

5. The lesson will be over at twelve o'clock.

6. There will be three new students in the class.

7. The wind last night was very strong.

8. He and his brother were sick two days ago.

 

7. Напишите следующие предложения в вопросительной форме, употребляя во­просительные слова, данные в скобках:

1. The wind last night was very strong. (When)

2. He and his brother were sick two days ago. (Who

3. Every substance is a kind of matter. (What)

4. Metals are the best conductors of heat. (What)

 

8. Образуйте Past Indefinite (Simple) и Participle II от следующих глаголов. Проверьте себя по таблице неправильных глаголов:

to build, to think, to go, to see, to give, to meet, to write, to read, to know, to take, to teach, to feel, to have, to come, to begin, to find, to get, to say, to tell, to put, to leave, to do, to sing, to lose, to stand.

9. Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в Present, Past, Future Continuous (Progressive):

1. They (wait) for us at the corner now.

2. I see that you (wear) your new suit today.

3. At seven o'clock, when you telephoned, I (read) the newspaper.

4. Mary (play) the piano when I arrived.

5. It probably (rain) when you get back.

6. If you come before six, I (work) in my garden.

 

10. Замените в следующих предложениях действительный залог страдательным. Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. The little boy ate the cake.

2. The teacher corrects our exercises at home.

 

11.Переведите предложения на русский язык:

1. The class is taught by Mr. Smith.

2. It was designed by a French engineer.

3. This book is always read by the students of the first course.

4. The letter was left on the table.

12. Переведите текст, напишите 5 вопросов, раскрывающих основное содержание текста:

 








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