Грамматика: Present, Past, Future Perfect

Passive Voice

Грамматический справочник

Перфектные времена Perfect Tenses

Страдательный залог The Passives

Страдательный залог образуется с помощью инфинитива to be и причастия прошедшего времени (past participle) смыслового глагола:

be + past participle (Ved/3)

è В страдательном залоге употребляются только те глаголы, которые могут иметь прямое дополнение (переходные глаголы).

e.g. active: Shakespeare wrote 37 plays.

passive: Thirty seven plays were written by Shakespeare.

Преобразование действительного оборота в страдательный оборот

Change from the active into the passive

Тема: «Education»

Список слов:

Контрольная работа №3 Вариант 1

Задание 1 Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст. Составьте словарь незнакомых слов.

British Universities

1. There are 46 universities in Great Britain. But they are not open to everyone. The number of students on a particular course is strictly limited. That′s why school – graduates apply to get a place at university before they take final exams at school. Popular, high–prestige universities demand from school–leavers good exam results. The academic year in British Universities is divided into three terms: from the beginning of October to the middle of December, from the middle of January to the end of March, and from the middle of April to the end of June or the beginning of July.

2. Officially, all universities in the country are equal in status. But they differ greatly in reputation and public image. In general, the older a university is, the higher its status. So the most prestigious are the ancient ones – Oxford and Cambridge, which are called the “intellectual eyes” of Britain. They are often collectively called “Oxbridge”. Only very rich and aristocratic families can afford to send their children to these universities.

3. The Oxford University was established in 1249. The name “Oxford” means the part of the river Thames where it was forded by oxen. There are twenty four men’s colleges, five women’s and another five where men and women study together. The colleges are surrounded by green lawns and parks. Three and a half thousand school – leavers enter Oxford every year. The ratio of applicants to available places is about 3:1. Fifteen thousand students and graduates study at Oxford University.

4.Cambridge started in the 13^th century.It has grown into an umbrella organisation which comprises more than thirty colleges, libraries, museums and laboratories. Almost all colleges are now mixed where male and female students study together. Lectures attendance is voluntary for students. The main type of tuition is tutorials. Students have to see their teachers quite regularly. For each tutorials they have to prepare essays. Consequently, playing truants and failure rates are very low.

5.British universities are very popular with overseas students. As education in Oxbridge is fee-paying, the fee for a foreigner is:

£ 8 – 10.000at humanities faculty,

£ 11 – 13.000at natural sciences faculty,

£ 17 – 20.000at medicine and foreign languages faculty

The number of students who come from Africa, the Arab world and Far Eastern countries – Malaysia and Indonesia is becoming bigger and bigger. There are special exchange programs between universities in many countries of the whole world.

6.The normal length of the course of studies is 3 years. After it the students will get the Degree of Bachelor of Arts. (B.A.). Some courses, such as languages or medicine are one or two years longer. Then the students may continue to take the Master’s Degree and then – the Doctor’s Degree.

Задание 2 Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы:

1.How many universities are there in Britain?

2.How many terms does the academic year in British universities consist of?

3.What people can afford to study at Oxford or Cambridge?

4.What does the word “Oxford” mean?

5.What is the ratio of applicants in Oxford?

6.What is the main type of studies in Cambridge?

7.Do foreign students have to pay for their studies at Oxbridge?

8.How long does the course of studies last?

9.What degree do the students get after graduation from University?

Задание 3 Образуйте новые слова – существительные от глаголов. Используйте словарь, если необходимо.

Задание 4 Найдите в тексте и выпишите по одному предложению в:

a)Present Simple

b)Present Perfect

c)Past Simple

d)Present Progressive

e)Future Simple

f)There is/ there are

Задание 5 Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений. Используйте их в ваших собственных примерах.

1.число студентов строго ограничено (§ 1)

2.выпускные экзамены (§ 1)

3.самый престижный (§ 2)

4.могут позволить себе (§ 2)

5.конкурс поступающих (§ 3)

6.посещение лекций (§ 4)

7.пропуск занятий (прогулы) (§ 4)

8.иностранные студенты

9.«обменные» программы

10. курс обучения

Задание 6 Поставьте специальные вопросы к предложениям, подчёркнутым в тексте.

Задание 7а Выпишите предложения в пассивном залоге. Определите время.

Задание 7б Перепишите следующий текст, изменив предложения в активном залоге в пассивный залог.

Someone broke into the National Gallery late last night. The thieves had broken the alarm system before they climbed through a window. They stole some priceless works of art. They used a getaway car to escape. The police have questioned some suspects. They have not caught the thieves yet.

Задание 8 Выучите список слов по теме «Образование» (50 слов)

Задание 9 Представьте, что вам надо рассказать вашему другу по Интернету о жизни студентов в вашем университете. Составьте рассказ, состоящий из 20 – 25 предложений.

Задание 10 Подберите текст для дополнительного чтения (10 тысяч знаков) и выполните соответствующие задания (см. контр. работу №1, вариант I):

Контрольная работа №3 Вариант 2

Задание 1 Прочитайте и переведите текст, составьте словарь незнакомых слов.

Education in the USA

1. There is no national system of higher education in the United States. Basically, American higher education developed its own pattern by the adaptation of two traditions: the collegiate tradition of England and the university tradition of the Continent.

2. In the USA there is no consistent distinction between the terms “college” and “university”. The general tendency, however, is to call a college a higher educational institution offering mainly courses of instruction leading to the Bachelor’s degree; a university is a college or group of colleges leading not only to the Bachelor’s degree but also to the Master’s and the Doctor’s degrees.

3. The American college has developed into an institution which has no counterpart in Europe. The college course of study (at first three years in duration) was soon extended to four years and the classes are uniformly known as the freshman, the sophomore, the junior and the senior.

4. The traditional degree which crowns the college course is that of Bachelor of Arts (B.A.). The studies ordinarily insisted on in case of candidates for this degree are Latin, Greek, mathematics, English, philosophy, political economy, history, at least one modern European language and at least one natural science.

The degrees of Bachelor of Science (B.S.), Bachelor of Philosophy (Ph.B.), and Bachelor of Letters (B.L.) are often conferred by colleges upon students who have pursued systematic courses of study which do not include Greek or Latin required for the degree of Bachelor of Arts.

5. University instruction is given chiefly at the following institutions: California University, Catholic University of America, Cornell University, Harvard University, John Hopkins University, Stanford University, Wisconsin University, Yale University and some others.

6. The crowning honour of the university students is the degree of Ph. D. (Doctor of Philosophy). The minimum period of study accepted for the degree of Ph.D., is two years after obtaining the bachelor’s degrees, but in practice, three, and even four years of study are found necessary. In addition to carrying on an investigation in the field of the main subject of study, the candidate for the degree of Ph.D. is usually required to pass examinations in one or two subordinate subjects.

The methods of instruction in the universities are the lecture discussion and work in laboratory or seminary. The degree of Master of Arts is conferred upon students who, after one year of university residence and study, pass certain prescribed examinations. This degree like those of DD (Doctor of Divinity) and LD (Doctor of Laws) is often conferred by colleges and universities as a purely honorary distinction.

7. To meet the demands for higher education two-year junior colleges have been opened. They were originally designed to provide two years of education beyond high school, but now are being used by hundreds of thousands of students as the first two years of a four-year college education. It usually offers courses related to local industry, agriculture or crafts. Many of the students who take these courses at night have day-time jobs related to them.

8. It has become common for the college program to be divided into broad fields, such as languages and literature, the social sciences, the sciences and mathematics, and the fine arts. Many colleges require all freshmen and sophomores to take one or two full-year courses in each of three fields.

9. During one semester, a student will study four or five different subjects. The students’ progress is often evaluated through quizzes (short oral or written tests), term papers, and a final examination in each course. Each part of a student’s work in a course is given a mark which helps to determine his final grade. A student’s record consists of his grade in each course. This system is unlike that of most European countries.

10. Institutions of higher learning supported by public funds are not absolutely free. The state colleges and universities charge a tuition fee. This fee is higher for those who come from outside the state. Working one’s way through college is commonplace. Usually there is no admission examination required by a state university for those who have finished high school within the state. 11. Private colleges and universities were established in various states. The first state university was the University of Virginia, founded in 1819. Some state universities have large endowment funds which provide a substantial portion of their support. Other sources of income are student fees, gifts and endowments.

Задание 2 Прочитайте текст еще раз и определите: а) верны (В), б) не верны (НВ) следующие утверждения или в) в тексте отсутствует информация (ИО). Если утверждение неверно, дайте правильный ответ.

1 Higher education in the USA is characterised by a consistent national system.

2 Students graduating from a college or university get the Bachelor’s, Master’s or Doctor’s degrees.

3 The course of study in colleges is divided into three semesters.

4 A general structure of American colleges is the very same to the college structure in Europe.

5 To get the degree of Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) a curriculum should include dead languages (Latin, Greek), some humanities (philosophy, history, modern languages), maths and at least one natural science.

6 Getting the degree of Ph. D. includes three or four years of studies after accepting the bachelor’s degree, carrying out some investigation and passing examinations in one or two subordinate subjects.

7 The Doctor’s degrees are usually conferred to junior students who have pursued systematic courses of study.

8 There is a number of colleges in the USA that offer two-year education related to local industry, agriculture or crafts.

9 The students’ progress is evaluated on a five-point scale with letters to indicate the levels of achievements: A, B, C, D, E (the last letter denoted failure).

10 American universities are supported by public funds, tuition fees and gifts.

Задание 3 Найдите в тексте слова или словосочетания, которые соответствуют определениям, приведённым в задании. В скобках указан номер параграфа в тексте.

Пример: 0 - education at a university (1) - higher education

Задание 4 Определите видо-временные формы глаголов,

Выделенных в тексте.

Задание 5 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму Perfect.

1. Do you know where Julia is?

Yes, I _____ (just/ see) her.

2. Why was she so nervous in the plane?

She _____ (never/ fly) before.

3. What’s that book like?

I don’t know. I _____ (not/ read) it.

4. When will the film start?

It _____ (already/ start) by the time we get to the cinema.

5. What happened in your house last night?

When we got home last night, we found that somebody _____ (break) into the flat.

6. Do you have any news from your cousin?

Yes, she _____ (phone) me recently.

7. Can I meet with Ann at 9 o’clock tomorrow?

Oh sorry, she _____ (go) to work by this time.

8. Was Tom at the party when you arrived?

No, he _____ (already/ go) home.

9. When will your daughter come back from London?

She _____ (be) at home by next Sunday.

10. You look pale! What is wrong with you?

I _____ (cut) my finger. It’s bleeding.

Задание 6 Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму страдательного залога.

1 A: Did you have a nice time in Bali?

B: Oh, yes. We ___ (take) to some of the most amazing beaches I’ve

ever seen and we ate some delicious seafood.

2 A: Did they paint their house themselves?

B: No, it ___ (paint) before they moved in.

3 A: Where’s your bicycle?

B: It ___ (repair) at the moment.

4 A: What did you get for your birthday?

B: I ___ (give) the most beautiful pair of earrings I’ve ever seen.

5 A: This bread tastes wonderful.

B: Thanks. It ___ (make) by my mother.

6 A: When can I pick up my photos?

B: They ___ (develop) in the morning, so any time after lunch.

7 A: That’s a lovely watch.

B: It ___ (give) to me on my retirement.

8 A: When will your car be ready?

B: I don’t know. It ___ (still/fix) when I went to the garage this morning.

9 A: Did you reserve a plane ticket?

B: No, unfortunately the flight ___ (fully/book) by the time I got to the travel agent’s.

10 A: How often should I feed the fish?

B: They ___ (must/feed) once a day.

11 A: A new hospital ___ (build) in our town at the moment.

B: Yes, I know. It ___ (open) by the mayor when it’s finished.

12 A: How was the wedding reception?

B: It was lovely! The hall ___ (decorate) with beautiful flowers.

13 A: What’s going on?

B: A boy ___ (trap) in the lift and the firefighters are trying to get him out.

14 A: That was a terrible storm last night!

B: I know. Many houses ___ (flood).

15 A: When ___ (report/ finish)?

B: Hopefully by next week.

Задание 7 Преобразуйте следующие предложения из активного в страдательный залог.

1 An expert is restoring the antique car.

2 Steven Spielberg has directed a lot of successful films.

3 A number of reporters will meet the professor at the airport.

4 The Romans founded Bath in the first century A.D.

5 People chop down a lot of trees every year.

6 The mechanic will have repaired the car by the end of next week.

7 He had sent e-mail to his cousin before he left the office.

8 When our friends came to us we were still looking for the keys.

9 They ought to warm the public about him.

10 Scientists might discover a cure for cancer.

Задание 8 Выучите список слов по теме «Образование» (50 слов)

Задание 9 Представьте, что вам надо рассказать вашему другу по Интернету о жизни студентов в вашем университете. Составьте рассказ, состоящий из 20 – 25 предложений.

Задание 10 Подберите текст для дополнительного чтения (10 тысяч знаков) и выполните соответствующие задания (см. контр. работу №1, вариант I):

III семестр

Тема: «Jobs and Careers»

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