Write the words in the plural and in the correct column.

Complete the sentences using the words from the box in the plural form.

1. There are a lot of ___ in the field.
2. George is cleaning his ___.
3. There are three ___ at the bus stop.
4. Jill has got two ___.
5. There are a lot of ___ in the river.
6. The ___ are falling from the tree.

Some of these sentences are right but most are wrong. Correct the sentences that are wrong.

1. I am going to buy a flowers.
2. I need a pair of new jeans.
3. It’s a lovely park with a lot of beautiful tree.
4. There was a woman in the car with two mens.
5. Sheep eat grass.
6. David is married and has three childs.
7. Most of my friend are student.
8. He put on his pyjama and went to bed.
9. We went fishing but we didn’t catch many fish.
10. Do you know many girl in this town?
11. I like your trouser. Where did you get it?
12. The town centre is usually full of tourist.
13. I don’t like mouses. I am afraid of them.
14. This scissor isn’t very sharp.
15. My friends are nice persons.

Complete the words using the vowels in the box below.

1. You clean your t__th with a t__ thbrush.
2. One m__se in a house is all right.

Three m__ce are not so nice.

1. Twelve inches equals one f__t.

Three f__t equals one yard.

UNIT 8

CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS

Pre-Reading task: Which habits do you think are good/bad? What habits would you like to get rid of? Have you ever tried to change any of your habits?

Englishmen and their Habits

Most people in England work and study a five-day week from Monday to Friday and consequently rest from Friday evening till Monday morning.

Everyone looks forward to the weekend and on Friday as people leave their offices, hospitals and colleges they wish each other a nice weekend. And on Monday morning they traditionally ask: “Did you have a nice weekend?”

Many people leave towns and go to the countryside. Every English person is a countryman or a countrywoman at heart. When s/he looks out of the window of his town flat s/he dreams of the time when s/he will live in a little cottage of his/her own with roses and honeysuckles in front of the house and small patches of soil with cucumber, tomato and cabbage in the kitchen garden behind and breathe in the fresh air of unpolluted countryside.

Those who stay at home at the weekend try both to have a rest and catch up with all the jobs they fail to do during the week. Women do all kinds of things such as: washing, mending, cleaning, shopping and cooking; men do some odd jobs about the house, they may wash the car and do some gardening as well.

Saturday morning is the best time for shopping as you can spend as much time on it as you want.

As for Saturday evening it is the favourite time for organizing parties, going to the pictures, clubs or pubs. Pubs are special English institutions with characteristic traditional image: a low ceiling supported by old oak trunks, a burning fire and a bar. There is a general atmosphere of calmness and warmth there. Comfort is essential since people don’t come here just for a quick drink, they stay in the pub for some hours talking to friends, discussing local events and from time to time they take a sip – for Englishmen don’t swallow their drinks – and then put down the mug to continue the conversation. Every country has its drinking habits and its national drink. In England beer can be called the national drink.

Having gone to bed late the night before, many people prefer a lie-in on Sunday morning. Some prefer to have breakfast in bed but it depends on the fact whether there is someone willing to prepare and serve it. While having breakfast Englishmen like to read Sunday papers. There are several of them published on Sunday, though they vary greatly in their ways of news presenting. There are serious papers for those who want to know about important events all over the world as well as domestic news. Alongside with these papers there are the so-called popular newspapers for those who prefer entertainment to information.

If the weather is fine on Sunday, people may decide to go out and spend the day in the park. Londoners do not have to go far to find green lawns and flowers for London is rich in parks and gardens.

But the weather in England is so changeable that it has become a favourite topic for discussion and tradition to start any conversation with different remarks about the weather.

VOCABULARY

a five day week – пятидневная неделя

honeysuckle - жимолость

look forward to smth/doing smth – с нетерпением ждать чего-то

countryside -сельская местность

odd jobs - отдельные, не связанные друг с другом рабочие задания, которые выполняются от случая к случаю, обычно низко оплачиваются и не требуют особой квалификации

catch up with all the jobs – проделать всю работу

catch up with smb – догнать кого-либо

pictures (Br) – кино

take a sip –сделать глоток

a lie-in – поздний подъем утром, возможность полежать в постели

get out of practice – разучиться что-то делать

how are you getting on? – как дела?

changeable- непостоянный, изменчивый, неустойчивый

A. Read the dialogue.

B. Learn the dialogue and reproduce it in pairs.

- Do you want me to do anything this evening, Nora?

- I don’t think so.

- You’re sure there is nobody coming to see us?

- No, I don’t think there is.

- And there is nothing you want me to listen to on the wireless?

- I’m sure there isn’t!

- Then will it be all right for me to go round to the club?

- Oh, yes, I should think so.

- It’s a long time since I went.

- I suppose it is.

- The chaps are wondering what’s happened to me.

- I suppose they must be.

- I’d like a game of billiards with the chaps.

- I expect you would.

- I’m fond of billiards.

- Yes, I know you are.

- I get out of practice if I stay away too long.

- I dare say you do.

- Besides, didn’t Bennet telephone last week and ask me to have a game?

- Now you mention it, I believe he did.

- So you won’t mind if I go off just for this evening, will you?

- Of course I won’t.

- I’ll go up and change.

Answer the following questions.

1. Which are the working days in England?

2. Why does everyone look forward to the weekend?

3. What is the traditional question on Monday morning?

4. Where do many Englishmen spend the weekend?

5. What does an Englishman dream of when he looks out of the window of his town flat?

6. What do those who stay at home do?

7. What are women busy with?

8. How do men spend their weekends at home?

9. Why is Saturday morning considered the best time for shopping?

10. How is Saturday evening spent?

11. What is so essential about the pubs?

12. Why do the Englishmen like to spend their free time in pubs?

13. How do people prefer to spend their Sunday morning?

14. What types of newspapers are published on Sunday?

15. Where do the people go if the weather is fine?

16. Why is weather a favourite topic for conversation?

Find in the text the English for the following and use them in sentences of your own.

Пятидневная неделя; ждать с нетерпением; желать друг другу приятных выходных; поехать за город; смотреть из окна городской квартиры; мечтать о времени; вдыхать свежий воздух; кусочки земли; сделать все, что не успел за неделю; разная работа по дому; поработать в саду; лучшее время для покупок; любимое время для вечеринок; особые английские заведения; традиционный вид; горящий камин; атмосфера покоя и тепла; пропустить рюмочку; обсуждать местные события; время от времени; сделать глоток; отлеживаться воскресным утром; завтракать в постели; приготовить и подать завтрак; манера излагать новости; серьезные газеты; важные события; местные новости; предпочитать развлечения; переменчивая погода; любимая тема для обсуждения; замечания о погоде.

4. Give the three forms of the following verbs:

Rest, leave, wish, dream, live, breathe, stay, catch, try, fail, spend, take, swallow, prefer, serve, read, become.

Study the following and add as many names of the countries, nations and languages to the list as you can. Consult a dictionary.

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