Attorneys and Disabled Clients - What Attorneys Need to Know When Setting Up The Initial Appointment

Attorneys and Disabled Clients - What Attorneys Need to Know When Setting Up The Initial Appointment - What attorneys need to know when working with disabled clients in Nashville, Tennessee and throughout the United States: Your law office just received a phone call from a deaf or hearing-impaired potential client. The potential-client is requesting a meeting to retain your services. The potential-client has also requested that you provide an interpreter for the meeting.

Do you take the meeting and provide an interpreter? If you do, do you pay for the interpreter or the client? Do you pay for the interpreter and then bill the client? Do you have the client come in and just write things down or bring a family member to translate?

What do you do?

The offices of a lawyer are covered by the ADA, regardless of the size of the firm, even if you have fewer than 15 employees and regardless of the type of law you practice, whether civil or criminal. Lawyers have an obligation to ensure they provide regardless of the type of law you practice, whether civil or criminal. Lawyers have an obligation to ensure they provide effective communication to clients with disabilities. Effective communication means providing Auxiliary Aids and Services, which can be different depending on the clients disabilities. The communication must also be effective both ways, from the client to the attorney and from the attorney to the client. The best way to understand what is effective for each client is to ask them. It is important that you pay attention to your client’s needs and statements. They may state that writing things down or lip-reading is not effective. Therefore, you can’t offer these as options. The most important thing that attorneys must be aware of is that lawyers are required under the ADA to pay for professional interpretation services. Insisting that a client who utilizes American Sign Language bring a family member or friend to interpret is not proper and also raises issues regarding attorney client privilege. There is also a CART service than can be provided for the hard of hearing, which will assist in reading. These charges cannot be charged back to the client and an attorney cannot increase his or her fees to handle the case of a disabled client.

We have an obligation as attorneys to provide professional, high-quality legal service to each client an potential client regardless of disability. Attorneys and disabled clients should do their best to communicate with each other to achieve this success.

РАЗДЕЛ 2 COMPLEX SUBJECT

Subject + is/was + Ved (3) + to V

Например:

1) Не was said to work a lot. — Говорили, что он много работает.

2) He is said to be a good father – Говорят, что он хороший отец.

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее.

1. Не was said to be one of the most promising nuclear physicists. 2. He is said to be a good translator. 3. Roberta was known to be an honest and hard-working girl. 4. Clyde was expected to arrive at the week-end. 5. Becky and Tom were supposed to have stayed at the widow Douglas'. 6. The number of the unemployed is reported to be increasing with every year. 7. Many new textbooks are expected to be published soon. 8. The Moscow Underground is said to be the finest in the world. 9. Chernyshevsky is known to have spoken several foreign languages. 10. Ahare is known to run very fast. 11. The man was seen to take off his coat. 12. The diamond content of the mines in Western Yakutia is said to be in no way inferior to that of the world-famous South African mines. 13. That power station is known to be situated on the Angara River. 14. These devices are considered to be very effective. 15. Many books are known to be published in our country every year. 16. You are supposed to graduate in four years. 17. Radium is said to be very radioactive. 18. This device was known to have been designed in that laboratory. 19. His invention is considered to be of great importance. 20. The sun is known to represent a mass of compressed gases. 21. The new rocket is reported to go into operation next year. 22. This type of rocket is supposed to have many advantages. 23. For a longtime the atom was thought to be indivisible. 24. The helium atom was found to have two electrons. 25. I did not know what I was expected to say to that, so I said nothing.

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Explaining the Differences between Family & Supreme Court in NY State

For couples seeking a divorce or families dealing with a family law issue, the difference between Family Court and Supreme Court in New York State may not always seem clear. Cases often involve both of these courts, and they share jurisdiction, or authority, over multiple domestic issues. Yet there are important differences between each of these courts.

Supreme Court is the lowest level trial court of general jurisdiction, meaning there are two levels of courts above it and that it can hear almost any kind of case. Supreme Court procedures are governed by the Civil Practice Law and Rules. These complex procedural rules make having an attorney almost a necessity for cases in Supreme Court. There are 62 Supreme Courts in New York State, one in each county.

Family Court, on the other hand, is designed to allow people to represent themselves. There are standard forms for all pleadings that a person who wants to commence a proceeding can fill out. Then a court clerk prepares the required papers and a judge is automatically assigned to each case.

New York’s Family Court was created by the state legislature by a statute, the Family Court Act. Thus, its authority to hear cases can be changed by legislation that amends this act. Its jurisdiction is divided into several articles, each specifying a different type of case that Family Court has the authority to hear, including:

Article 3: Juvenile Delinquency Cases

Article 4: Support Cases- For both child and spousal support, Family Court can make initial awards and enforce or alter existing orders. However, Family Court cannot enforce separation agreements.

Article 5: Paternity- Family Court can hear paternity cases and issue paternity orders.

Article 6: Custody and Visitation- Family Court can make child custody and visitation awards and change existing orders unless a previous order limits that case to Supreme Court’s jurisdiction. Family Court also has authority over termination of parental rights, and over guardianship and adoptions cases, which are also shared with the Surrogate’s Court.

Article 7: Person’s in Need of Supervision (PINS) Cases

Article 8: Family Offense Proceedings (Orders of Protection)- Family Court can hear proceedings for and grant orders of protection.

Article 9: Conciliation Proceedings- The court can help married couples reconcile difficulties.

Article 10: Child Protective Proceedings- An authorized agency can commence a proceeding to remove abused or neglected children and put them in foster care against the wishes of their parents.

Interestingly, in New York State Family Court does not hear divorce cases, so divorce proceedings are handled by Supreme Court. Other differences between Family Court and Supreme Court include differences in how they deal with evidence and in what terminology they use. In Supreme Court, regular evidence rules apply, whereas in Family Court, there are statutory exceptions to the normal rules of evidence. In addition, Supreme Court Cases are called actions, and the parties to the action include the plaintiff and the defendant. In Family Court, a case is referred to as a proceeding and the parties are called the petitioner and the respondent.

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

Практическое овладение навыками английского языка лежит в основе формирования общекультурных и профессиональных компетенций у студентов высших учебных заведений.

Знание и умение пользоваться английским языком в повседневной жизни является необходимой составляющей гармонически развитой личности современного человека. С иностранным языком мы сталкиваемся во всех сферах человеческого бытия. Выпускник вуза обязан знать и использовать иностранный язык в своей профессиональной деятельности.

В период интенсивного развития деловых коммуникаций с зарубежными партнерами на первый план выдвигаются необходимость практического владения английским языком и умения общаться на межкультурном уровне.

Очевидна целесообразность использования принципа практического освоения иностранного языка в высших учебных заведениях. Данный практикум не исчерпывает потребности в закреплении основ грамматики и профессиональной лексики английского языка, а предполагает и мотивирует студентов к дальнейшему изучению языка в вузе с ориентацией на профессиональную составляющую.

СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ

1. Murphy R. Essential Grammar in Use / R. Murphy. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

2. Fabre E. M. Professional English in IT : intermediate to advanced / Elena Marco Fabre, Santiago Remacha Esteras. - New York, CAMBRIDG University press, 2008. – 117 p.

3. Голицынский Ю. Грамматика : сборник упражнений / Ю. Голицынский, Н. Голицынский. - 5-е изд. - Спб. : КАРО, 2005. - 544 с.

4. Harding K. International express : Intermediate Teacher’s Resource. Book with photocopiable materials / Keith Harding, Liz Taylor. – NewYork ; Oxford University Press, 2005. – 176 c.

5. Taylor L. International express : Pre-intermediate Teacher’s Resource Book with phrotocopiable materials / Liz Taylor. – New York :Oxford University Press, 2005. – 175 c.

6. McKenna J. English Result : Elementary Workbook / Joe McKenna/ - New York, OXFORD, 2008.

7. Hancock M. English Result : Elementary Student’s Book / Marc Hancock Anne McDonald. - New York, OXFORD, 2007.

8. Hancock M. English Result : Pre-intermediate Student’s Book / Marc Hancock Anne McDonald. - New York, OXFORD, 2008.

9. McKenna J. English Result : Pre-intermediate Workbook / Joe McKenna. - New York, OXFORD, 2008

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