Сравните следующие предложения.

Я живу в Санкт-Петербурге. I live in St. Petersburg.

Я живу в Санкт-Петербурге с детства. I have been living in St. Petersburg since childhood.

Она делает уроки. She is doing her homework.

Она делает уроки уже 2 часа. She has been doing her homework for 2 hours.

Read the situations and complete the sentences.

1. The rain started two hours ago. It's still raining now. It has been raining for two hours.

2. We started waiting for the bus 20 minutes ago. We're still waiting now.

We _______ for 20 minutes.

3. I started Spanish classes in December. I'm still learning Spanish now.

I __________ since December.

4. Ann began looking for a job six months ago. She's still looking now.

________ for six months.

5. Mary started working in London on 18 January. She's still working there now.

________ since 18 January.

6. Years ago you started writing to a pen-friend. You still write to each other regularly now.

We _________ for years.

4.4. Write questions with how long and when.

1. It's raining.

(how long?) How long has it been raining?

(when?) When did it start raining?

2. Kate is learning Italian.

(how long/learn?) ________

(when/start/learn?) _________

3. I know Martin.

(how long/know?) _________

(when/first/meet?) _________

4. Bob and Alice are married.

(how long?) ____________

(when?)__________

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple , Present Continuous , Present Perfect , Present Perfect Continuous .

1. He (to run) now. He (to run) for ten minutes without any rest. 2. What they (to do) now? — They (to work) in the reading-room. They (to work) there for already three hours. 3. Where he (to be) now? — He (to be) in the garden. He (to play) volley-ball with his friends. They (to play) since breakfast time. 4. I (to live) in St. Petersburg. I (to live) in St. Petersburg since 1990. 5. She already (to do)her homework for two hours; but she (not yet to do) half of it. 6. I (to wait) for you since two o'clock. 7. What you (to do)? — I (to read). I (to read) for already two hours. I already (to read) sixty pages. 8. This man (to be) a writer. He (to write) books. He (to write) books since he was a young man. He already (to write) eight books. 9. What you (to do) here since morning? 10. Lena is a very good girl. She always (to help) her mother about the house. Today she (to help) her mother since morning. They already (to wash) the floor and (to dust) the furniture. Now they (to cook) dinner together. 11. This is the factory where my father (to work). He (to work) here for fifteen years. 12. You (to find) your note-book? — No! I still (to look) for it. I already (to look) for it for two hours, but (not yet to find) it. 13. You (to play) with a ball for already three hours. Go home and do your homework. 14. Wake up! You (to sleep) for ten hours already. 15. I (to wait) for a letter from my cousin for a month already, but (not yet to receive) it. 15. It is difficult for me to speak about this opera as I (not to hear) it. 16. I just (to receive) a letter from my granny, but I (not yet to receive) any letters from my parents. 17. The weather (to be) fine today. The sun (to shine) ever since we got up. 18. Every day I (to wind) up my watch at 10 o'clock in the evening. 19. Come along, Henry, what you (to do) now? I (to wait) for you a long time. 20. Where your gloves (to be)? — I (to put) them into my pocket.

Переведите, обращая внимание на Past perfect continuous

1. Yesterday morning I got up and looked out of the window. The sun was shining but the ground was very wet.

2. It had been raining.

3. When the boys came into the house, their clothes were dirty, their hair was untidy and one of them had a black eye. They'd been fighting.

4. I was very tired when I arrived home. I'd been working hard all day.

5. Our game of tennis was interrupted. We'd been playing for about half an hour when it started to rain very heavily.

6. Ken gave up smoking two years ago. He'd been smoking for 30 years.

7. Ann was sitting in an armchair watching television. She was tired because she'd been working very hard.

Заполните предложения.

1. I was very tired when I arrived home.

(I/work/hard all day)

I had been working hard all day.

2. The two boys came into the house. They had a football and they were both very tired.

(they/play/football) __________________

3. There was nobody in the room but there was a smell of cigarettes.

(somebody/smoke/in the room) _____________

4. Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and didn't know where she was.

(she/dream) _____________

5. When I got home, Mike was sitting in front of the TV. He had just turned it off.

(he/watch/TV) _____________

Read the situations and complete the sentences.

1. We played tennis yesterday. Half an hour after we began playing, it started to rain.

We had been playing for half an hour when it started to rain.

2. I had arranged to meet Tom in a restaurant. I arrived and waited for him. After 20 minutes I suddenly realised that I was in the wrong restaurant. I _____________ for 20 minutes when I _____________

3. Sarah got a job in a factory. Five years later the factory closed down.

At the time the factory _____________, Sarah _____________ there for five years.

4. I went to a concert last week. The orchestra began playing. After about ten minutes a man in the audience suddenly began shouting.

The orchestra _____________when _____________

5. This time make your own sentence:

I began walking along the road. I _____________when _____________

Put the verb into the most suitable form, past continuous (I was doing), past perfect (I had done) or past perfect continuous (I had been doing).

1. It was very noisy next door. Our neighbours were having (have) a party.

2. We were good friends. We had known (know) each other for a long time.

3. John and I went for a walk. I had difficulty keeping up with him because he ___________ (walk) so fast.

4. Mary was sitting on the ground. She was out of breath. She _____________ (run)

5. When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They _____________ (eat).

6. When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table and talking. Their mouths were empty but their stomachs were full. They _____________ (eat).

7. Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He _____________ (look) for his contact lens.

8. When I arrived, Kate _____________ (wait) for me. She was rather annoyed with me because I was late and she _____________ (wait) for a very long time.

9. I was sad when I sold my car. I _____________ (have) it for a very long time.

10. We were extremely tired at the end of the journey. We _____________ (travel) for more than 24 hours.

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California School’s Duty to Report Abuse

In California, the responsibility of school employees to report suspicion of child abuse is not only a component of a person’s moral compass, it’s the law. Communities rely on places like institutions of education to provide an element of safety for children, and teachers and administrators are assumed to uphold that expectation.

According to the California Child Abuse and Neglect Reporting Act there are 39 classifications of “mandated reporters.” They range from teachers, to instructional aides, classified employees of any public school, office administrators and coaches. As the holder of a credential, certificate or permit that authorizes one to work with or observe children, a person is required to report every instance of child abuse or suspected abuse. The only people who may be exempt from this rule are volunteers.

According to the law, a victim of this type of abuse may be any person under the age of 18 and the perpetrator can be any person, including a child. Abuse that must legally be reported includes any suspicious physical injury that was not caused by a mutual affray between minors, sexual abuse and willful harming or injuring of a child’s person or mind.

A mandated reporter must report their suspicions to a Child Protective Agency or police department immediately, or as soon as reasonably possible, by telephone and submit a written report to the agency within 36 hours.

Failure to report in California is a misdemeanor and is punishable by up to six months in jail and/or a fine of $1,000. However, if death or severe bodily injury results from the abuse, the mandated reporter will be found guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by no more than one year in county jail and/or a fine that does not exceed $5,000. A mandated reporter who fails to report may also be found civilly liable for damages.

ТЕМА 3 Legal professionals

Раздел 1 passive voice

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