Continuous (Progressive) Tense – продолженное (длящееся) время
Действие продолжается (длится) или часто повторяется определенный промежуток времени. Образуется с помощью глагола-связки to be в требуемом времени + Ving.
Present Continuous Active настоящее продолженное в активном залоге
Действие (происходит) длится в данный момент
It is raining now – сейчас идет дождь
He (she) is teaching French – он (она) преподает французский язык
The Earth is always moving – Земля постоянно вертится
I am writing a letter – я пишу письмо
We (you, they) are working now – мы (вы, ты, они) сейчас работаем.
It is not raining now.
Is it raining now?
Is not (isn’t) raining now?
Why is it raining now?
Why is not it raining now?
Is it raining or snowing now?
It is raining now, is not it?
It is not raining now, is it?
Yes, it is. No, it is not.
Past Continuous Active – прошедшее продолженное в активном залоге
Действие длилось определенный промежуток времени в прошлом
When I came home, my mother was reading a book. – когда я пришел домой, моя мама читала книгу
The child was sleeping from 2 till 6 p.m. – ребенок спал с 2 до 6 часов вечера
I was writing letters – я писал письма
I was writing letters
I was not (wasn’t) writing
We were not (weren’t) working
Were you working?
Were not you working?
Why were you working?
Why were not you working?
Were you working or playing?
You were working, were not you?
You were not working, were you?
Yes, I was. No, I was not.
Примеры Present и Past Continuous
When I came home, my dog was sleeping.
We were writing when he asked us to help him.
I was writing you everyday during 2 months.
When I called him he was swimming in his own swimming-pool.
I was reading a book, my mom was sewing a sweater, my dad was watching TV, my sister was cooking, my brother was singing, it was a usual evening.
When we came to Egypt it was snowing there.
Don’t go outside, it is raining now.
When I got up yesterday it was raining.
It is snowing now and birds aren’t flying, you will not be able to shoot a bird.
The sun is shining now, you will not need a raincoat today.
It was snowing all the day yesterday.
The sun was rising and birds were singing – a perfect time for a morning running.
Take your hat, the sun is already setting and the wind is blowing strongly.
Future Continuous Active – будущее продолженное в активном залоге
Действие будет длиться определенный момент в будущем
You will be working here – ты будешь здесь работать.
When I reach London, it will probably be raining – когда я приеду в Лондон, там возможно будет идти дождь.
This time next year I will be driving through Italy – в это время в следующем году я буду ехать по Италии.
We will be reading this book from 2 till 5 p.m. tomorrow – мы будем читать эту книгу завтра с 2 до 5 вечера.
I will be writing letters.
I will not be writing
Will you be writing?
Won’t you be writing?
Why will you be writing?
Why won’t you be writing?
Will you be writing or reading?
You will be writing, won’t you?
You will not be writing, will you?
Yes, I will. No I will not.
Perfect Tense Завершенное, законченное, совершенное время
Образуется: с помощью глагола to have + V3 (неправ. глагол), Ved (прав. глагол)
Present Perfect Active (настоящее завершенное в активном залоге)
Используется, когда:
1. что-то происходило в течение какого-либо периода времени
2. говорящего интересует сам результат случившегося
3. в настоящий момент времени какой-то процесс закончился
Определяющие слова:
just (только что), yet (еще), already (уже), since (с), lately (в последнее время), recently (недавно), never (никогда), ever (когда-либо, только в вопросах).
С местоимениями
I, we, you, they используется глагол have
he, she, it используется глагол has
1. She has lived here for 5 years – она прожила здесь 5 лет
He has been in the Army for 2 years – он пробыл в армии 2 года
I have (I’ve) lived here all my life. I am still living here – я прожил здесь всю свою жизнь. Я до сих пор здесь живу.
2. I have lost my money – я потерял свои деньги
I have not (haven’t) seen him today – я не видел его сегодня
I have never been to London – я никогда не был в Лондоне
I have seen her recently – я видел ее недавно
I have never seen him before – я никогда не видел его раньшее
3. I have just written to him – я только что ему написал
He has already read this book – он уже прочитал эту книгу.
I have done my homework – я сделал свое домашнее задание
I have ridden a horse twice (=two times) – я ездил на лошади дважды
I have lost my money. Я потерял свои деньги
I have not (haven’t) lost my money. Я не потерял свои деньги
Have you lost money? Ты потерял свои деньги?
НО: Where did you lose them? Где ты их потерял?
How long have you been there? Как долго ты там пробыл?
Have you ever been to Moscow? Ты был в Москве?
Has your child already been to a zoo? Твой ребенок уже был в зоопарке?
Yes, I have. Да
No, I have not. Нет
Past Perfect Active прошедшее завершенное в активном залоге
Используется, когда:
Действие завершилось к какому-то моменту в прошлом.
Определяющие слова:
by that time (к тому времени),by the end of the year (к концу года), by five o’clock (к пяти часам).
Со всеми местоимениями используется глагол had
By that time I had already written the letter – к тому времени я уже дописал письмо.
We had already finished our work when he came – мы закончили свою работу, когда он пришел.
I had not finished my work by 5 o’clock yesterday – я не закончил работу к пяти часам вчера
When he was at school he had learnt nothing- когда он был в школе, он ничему не научился
Future Perfect Active (будущее завершенное в активном залоге)
Используется, когда:
Действие завершится к какому-то моменту в будущем (предсказание событий)
Со всеми местоимениями используется глагол will have
I will have finished this work by dinner time – я закончу эту работу к обеду
Примеры для всех 9 времен
I write letters Present Simple я пишу письма (каждый день)
I wrote letters Past Simple я написал письма (вчера)
I will write a letter Future Simple я напишу письма (завтра)
I am writing a letter Continuous я пишу письма (сейчас)
I was writing a letter Past Continuous я писал письма (весь день вчера)
I will be writing a letter Future Continuous я буду писать письма (весь день завтра)
I have written letters Perfect я написал письма (уже)
I had written letters Past Perfect я дописал письма (к тому времени, как …)
I will have written letters Future Perfect я допишу письма (к тому времени, как …)
My mom cooks well
My mom is cooking soup now
My mom hasalready cooked the soup
When I came home my mom was cooking the soup
My mom cooked this soup yesterday
When I came home my mom had cooked the soup and was sitting in front of the TV set and knitting
My mom will cook the soup only tomorrow
My mom will have cooked the soup by midday
When you visit my mom, she will probably be cooking the soup
Passive Voice Страдательный (пассивный) залог
Показывает, что объект, о котором идет речь, не совершает сам действие, а какое-либо действие совершается над ним. Образуется с помощью глагола to be в требуемом времени + глагол в форме, соответствующей требуемому времени действительного залога.
Simple Passive
I am written letters – Present Simple Passive - мне пишут письма (каждый день)
I was written a letter – Past Simple Passive - мне написали письмо (вчера)
I will be written – Future Simple Passive - мне напишут письмо (завтра)
English is spoken in many countries. На английском языке говорят во многих странах.
Pupils are taught at school by the teachers. Учеников учат в школе учителя.
The book is sold
I am often asked about my relatives
I will be written
The letter will be written
Will we be called?
You will not be called
I was called yesterday
I was called every Friday
The book was bought (by me). — Книга была куплена (мной).
The letter was sent yesterday. Письмо было послано вчера.
This problem was discussed last week. Эта проблема обсуждалась на прошлой неделе.
Perfect Passive
I have been written a letter – Present Perfect Passive - мне написали письмо (только что)
I had been written a letter – Past Perfect Passive - мне написали письмо (к концу года)
I will have written the letter – Future Perfect Passive - мне допишут письмо (к двум часам дня завтра)
I have been read
I have been written four times that I should leave the city
She hasn’t been written
Have you been told that you must come?
Continuous Passive
The letter is being written - Present Continuous Passive - письмо сейчас пишут
The letter was being written – Past Continuous Passive - письмо писали вчера с 2 до 5 вечера
I don’t understand why he is being barked.
At that time the factory was being built
At five o’clock the shop will be being closed
Примеры – актив пассив
1. He left for Moscow. 2. The news will be of great interest. 3. They were speaking to him. 4. She studied many subjects. 5. He was much spoken about. 6. New subjects will be studied next term. 7. I am working now. 8. The text has already been written by them. 9. He studies at our school. 10. You are playing chess, aren't you? 11. The text is being translated at the moment. 12. Do you work at this lab? 13. When I saw him, he was going home. 14. They will have passed their exams by 3 o'clock. 15. This book was written by our teacher. 16. We shall be writing our tests at 10 o'clock. 17. The work will have been done when he comes. 18. We translated this text. 19. The letter had been written before we came. 20. We shall inform you. 21. These toys are made in Japan. 22. Does he work here? 23. Is he working now? 24. The conference will be held in May. 25. Rostov was named after Dmitry Rostovsky. 26.What are you doing here? 27. This work must be done at once. 28. You may take my book. 29. I am often asked at the lessons. 30. This article was being translated when I came.
l. They can be seen in our library every day. 2. The delegation is headed by the Prime Minister. 3. The child was often left home alone. 4. These houses were built last year. 5. All letters had been written when we came. 6. This film is much spoken about. 7. The machine is being tested now. 8. His work has been already finished. 9.1 was told to wait for him. 10.Your letter will have been answered by Monday. 11. The experiment was being carried out from ten till twelve o'clock. 12.Children under sixteen will not be admitted here.
1. Эта книга была прочитана всеми. 2. Письмо будет отправлено завтра. 3. Ее часто спрашивают? 4. На ваш вопрос ответят завтра. 5. Текст переводился вчера с двух до трех. 6. Работа только что завершена нами. 7. Эти книги уже будут опубликованы к концу года. 8. Наша контрольная работа сейчас проверяется? 9. О новой книге будут много говорить. 10. В нашем городе сейчас строится много новых зданий. 11. Ключи были утеряны вчера. 12. Мальчика поведут в кино. 13. Вам сказали об этом? 14. Телеграмма уже получена?
1. Он сказал мне, что текст будет переведен к 10 часам завтра. 2. Все картины, которые вы здесь видите, написаны одним и тем же художником. 3. Письмо будет отправлено завтра. 4. Работа будет закончена в срок. 5. За доктором послали? Сделайте это как можно скорее. У ребенка высокая температура. 6. Эта книга была написана до того, как автор стал знаменитым. 7. Сотни новых домов будут построены к концу этого года. 8. Эта история давно забыта всеми. 9. Мне предложили очень интересную работу. 10. Он серьезный человек. На него всегда можно положиться. 11. За старой женщиной ухаживает ее младшая дочь. 12. На вечере нам показали прекрасный фильм. 13. Его ударили мячом. 14. С ним необходимо немедленно поговорить по этому вопросу. 15. Вам зададут несколько вопросов на экзамене. 16. Ей был дан список участников собрания. 17. Речь была заслушана с большим вниманием. 18. Вам объяснят, как добраться до железнодорожного вокзала. 19. Об этой пьесе сейчас много говорят. 20. Делегацию нужно встретить завтра в 9 часов утра в аэропорту.
Примеры Passive
Money is changed every 10 years
He is often invited to sing songs
I am not remembered here
You are needed everywhere
He is often laughed at
I am never listened
He is always looked at
The door isn’t opened
She is missed
We are thought about
Our company was joined to the other
We were helped by some strange man
This chair was moved
I was kissed by the president
We were caught yesterday
This music will be listened tomorrow
The letter will be received on Monday
This fly will be killed some day
| The soup has been spoiled by pepper
I have never been trusted
I have been visited in the hospital twice
Have you ever been waited?
The child hasn’t been washed
He said that the bread had been cut
She told me that the door had been shut
This information had been spread by 5 p.m.
By that time the paper had already been brought
I am sewing a dress now, it will have been sewn by 5 p.m. tomorrow
We you come back , the house will have been broken
By that time the book will have been read
He is feeding a cat now, it will have been fed by 2 p.m.
The bottle of beer will have been drunk soon
| The house is being built now
We are being asked now
The beer is being drunk now
The novel is being written now
I am being listened now
Jewels are being stolen now
Trees are being grown now
The butterfly is being caught now
Water was being frozen during 2 hours
Windows were being broken during 1 hour
At that time the boy was being beaten
The car was being driven during 5 years
Papers were being burnt during 2 hours
Documents were being kept during 15 years
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