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Я хожу на работу каждый день
Алфавит
Aa
| ei
| apple [æpl], ant [ænt] , to ask [a:sk], and [ænd]
| Bb
| bi:
| bad [bæd], but [bDt], big [big], book [buk]
| Cc
| si:
| cat [kæt], child [t∫aild]
| Dd
| di:
| dog [dÉg], dear [di∂], to do [du:], to drink [drink]
| Ee
| i:
| ear [i∂], to eat [i:t], end [end]
| Ff
| ef
| face [feis], to fall [fÉ:l], funny [fDni]
| Gg
| dзi:
| girl [g∂:l], gift [gift], to go [g∂u], good [gud]
| Hh
| eit∫
| he [hi], hard [ha:d], to have [hæv]
| Ii
| ai
| I [ai], if [if, it [it]
| Jj
| dзei
| job [dзÉb], joke [dзÉuk], to jump [dзDmp]
| Kk
| kei
| to kill [kil], to kiss [kis], to know [nÉu]
| Ll
| el
| long [loh], to like [laik], little [litl]
| Mm
| em
| mad [mæd], man [mæn], magical [mædзik∂l]
| Nn
| en
| name [neim], neat [ni:t], new [nju:], no [n∂u]
| Oo
| ou ∂u
| old [∂uld], one [wDn], only [∂unli]
| Pp
| pi:
| pet [pet], to put [put], parent [per∂nt]
| Qq
| kju:
| queen [kwi:n], quick [kwik], question [kwest∫∂n]
| Rr
| a: ar:
| to read [ri:d], rat [ræt]
| Ss
| es
| to say [sei], she [∫i:], sun [sDn]
| Tt
| ti:
| to take [teik], they [∂ei], tea [ti:]
| Uu
| ju:
| to understand [Dnd∂stænd], ugly [Dgli]
| Vv
| vi:
| very [veri], to visit [vizit], voice [vÉis]
| Ww
| dDblju:
| we [wi], wrong [rÉh], woman [wum∂n]
| Xx
| eks
| X-mas [eksmDs], X-ray [eksrei]
| Yy
| wai
| yes [jes], you [ju:], young [jDh]
| Zz
| zed
| zebra [zi:br∂], zero [zierÉu], zoo [zu:]
|
Произношение звуков
| Согласные звуки
|
| Гласные звуки
| b
| bad, big
| ∂
| children, woman
| d
| dog
| æ
| and, apple
| f
| face
| i
| drink, quick
| m
| mom, woman
| i:
| read, queen
| n
| sun, new
| e
| very, men
| t
| visit, take, table
| É
| dog, job
| k
| cat, kind
| ∂:
| girl, work
| g
| girl, ugly, dog
| u
| good, book
| ∫
| she, sure
| u:
| do, room
| t∫
| children, question
| É:
| fall, four
| dз
| joke, magical
| D
| ugly, uncle
| з
| usual
| a:
| hard, smart
| h
| have, he
| Éi
| boy, voice
| j
| young, usual
| ai
| right, like, my
| ∂
| with, they, though
| ei
| say, table
| q
| thought, three
| u∂
| poor, sure
| p
| pet, up
| au
| how, cow
| l
| long, fall
| ∂u
| no, know
| s
| sun, kiss
| e∂
| air, bear
| z
| zoo, kisses
| i∂
| ear,dear,beer
| h
| long, wrong, young
| | v
| of, voice
| | r
| wrong, very
| | w
| woman, question
| |
Множественное число существительных, исключения
+ s
| Cat – cats Dog – dogs Apple – apples Rats, queens, zebras, zoos
| Исключения: Man - Men Woman - Women Child - Children
| Только в единственном числe
News Advice Information Hair Work Money Weather Knowledge
Структура предложения в английском языке
В английском предложении применяется строгий порядок слов
Подлежащее + сказуемое + все остальное
Подлежащее отвечает на вопрос Кто, что?, выражено существительным, местоимением, именем собственным.
Сказуемое отвечает на вопрос Что делает?, всегда выражено глаголом.
Iunderstand you – я понимаю тебя
Артикли
Неопределенные артикли a, an ставятся перед существительными в единственном числе, когда мы говорим о предмете в первый раз или о любом предмете из класса ему подобных.
А ставится перед существительными, начинающимися с согласной, an – с гласной.
A переродилось из слова one – один, любой.
A cat, a dog, a girl, a queen
An apple, an ant, an ear
I have a cat. He has a child.
Определенный артикль the ставится перед существительными в единственном, а иногда и во множественном числе, когда мы точно знаем, о каком предмете идет речь.
The переродилось из слова this– этот.
The child eats apples
Give me the apple
I have a cat. I love the cat.
Если перед существительным есть прилагательное, то артикль ставится перед прилагательным.
An old woman, a beautiful face, an ugly voice, a new book.
Артикли не ставятся перед абстрактными понятиями (информация, совет и т.д.) и перед неисчисляемыми существительными (вода, сахар, чай, пиво и т.д.)
Притяжательные местоимения
Кто?
|
| Чей?
Свой
|
| Кому? Кого?
|
| I
| я
| my
| мой
| me
| мне, меня
| he
| он
| his
| его
| him
| ему, его
| she
| она
| her
| ее
| her
| ей, ее
| it
| оно
| its
| его (неодуш.)
| it
| ему (неодуш.)
| we
| мы
| our
| наш
| us
| нам, нас
| you
| ты
| your
| твой
| you
| тебе, тебя
| you
| вы
| yours
| ваш
| you
| вам, вам
| they
| они
| their
| их
| them
| им, их
| Указательные местоимения:
This – этот That – тот These – эти Those – те
Частица to
1) В английском языке два глагола, стоящие рядом, соединяются частицей to, второй из глаголов отвечает на вопрос Что делать?
I want to eat. I like to read. He wants to drink.
2) Частица to может также переводиться словом «чтобы»
I want to drink to live. I want to know English to read English books. I want to eat not to die
Глагол to be
Является глаголом-связкой, употребляется, когда в русском предложении в настоящем времени отсутствует глагол.
С различными местоимениями принимает следующие формы:
To be Present
I am I am tall (я – высокий, я «являюсь» высоким)
I am a student (я – студент)
He
She is He is tall (он – высокий). He is a student (он – студент)
It The apple is green (яблоко – зеленое)
We We are students (мы студенты)
You are You are smart (ты умный)
They They are young (они молодые)
I am a student – я студент
I am not a student
Am I a student?
Am I not a student?
Why am I a student?
Why am I not a student?
Am I a student or a teacher?
I am a teacher, am not I?
I am not a teacher, am I?
Yes, I am. No, I am not.
He (she) is a student – он студент
He (she) is not (isn’t) a student
Is he a student?
Is he not a student?
Why is he a student?
Why is not he a student?
Is he a student or a teacher?
He is a teacher, is not he?
He is not a teacher, is he?
Yes, he is. No, he is not.
You are a student
You are not (aren’t) a student
You (they, we) are students – вы студенты
You (they, we) are not (aren’t) students
Are you students?
Are not you students?
Why are you students?
Why are not you students?
Are you students or teachers?
You are students, are not you?
You are not students, are you?
Yes, we are. No, we are not.
To be Past
I was I was tall (я был высоким)
He
She He was tall (он был высоким)
It The apple was green (яблоко было зеленым)
We We were students (мы были студентами)
You were You were smart (ты был умным)
They They were young (они были молодыми)
I (he, she, it) was a student –
Я был студентом
I was not (wasn’t) a student
Was he a student?
Wasn’t he a student?
Why was he a student?
Why wasn’t he a student?
Was he a student or a teacher?
He was a student, wasn’t he?
He wasn’t a student, was he?
Yes, he was. No, he was not.
We (you, they) were students – мы были студентами
We were not (weren’t) students
Were you students?
Were not you students?
Why were you students?
Why weren’t you students?
Were you students or teachers?
You were students, weren’t you?
You weren’t students, were you?
Yes, you were. No, you were not.
I was small when I was a child
We were funny when we were young
The apple was green when it was 10 days old.
To be Future
I He She It We You They will be I will be tall (я буду высоким)
I (he, she, it, you) will be a student – я буду студентом
I (he, she, it, you) will not (won’t) be a student
We (you, they) will be students
We (you, they) will not (won’t) be students
He will be a student
He will not be a student
Will he be a student?
Won’t he be a student?
Why will he be a student?
Why won’t he be a student?
Will he be a student or a teacher?
He will be a student, won’t he?
He will not be a student, will he?
Yes, he will. No, he will not.
Предлоги места
Before – до, прежде чем
After - после
For – ибо, для, так как, в течение
due to – благодаря
with – с
without – без
within – в течение, в пределах (within a month)
Into – внутрь
Out of – наружу
Inside, in – внутри
By, near – рядом, вблизи
In front of – перед
Behind – за
Above – над
Under – под
Aside – в стороне
On – на поверхности
At - у (at the table, at school, at the lesson)
Around – вокруг
Among – среди (множества)
Between – между 1 и 2
From… to… - из … в …
Over – через (забор)
Through – сквозь (забор)
Along – вдоль
Across – поперек
Up – вверх
Down – вниз
To the right – направо
To the left – налево
A cat is inside the dog. The dog is in front of me. I like to jump over my dog. X-rays go through us. The cat doesn’t want to go out of the box, because wasps are behind the cat. Spiders are on the dog. Bugs are under the dog. An eagle is near the dog. A snake is aside the dog. All of them want to eat the cat. The dog goes along the snake and the snake doesn’t end because it is too long. So the wants to go across the snake, but it doesn’t want to kiss the snake. The snake lives among birds, but it doesn’t eat them because they are beautiful. A whale and a pig live in a zoo. A dragon lives between them. He likes to visit them. Usually he visits the whale first and then goes from the whale to the pig.
Числительные (Numerals)
One
| the first
|
| Two
| the second
|
| Three
| the third
|
| Four
| the forth
|
| Five
| the fifth
|
| Six
| the sixth
|
| Seven
| the seventh
|
| Eight
| the eighth
|
| Nine
| the ninth
|
| Ten
| the tens, tens
|
| Eleven
| the eleventh
|
| Twelve
| the twelfth
|
| Thirteen
| the thirteenth
|
| Fourteen
|
|
| Fifteen
|
|
| Sixteen
|
|
| Seventeen
|
|
| Eighteen
|
|
| Nineteen
|
|
| Twenty
| the twentieth
|
| Thirty
| the thirtieth
|
| Forty
|
|
| Fifty
|
|
| Sixty
|
|
| Seventy
|
|
| Eighty
|
|
| Ninety
|
|
| One hundred
Two hundred
Three hundred
|
|
| One thousand
Two thousand
Three thousand
|
| 1,000
2,000
3,000
| One million
Two million
|
| 1,000,000
2,000,000
| One thousand five hundred
Fifteen hundred
|
| 1,500
1,500
| Three hundred fifty six
|
|
| Two thousand seven hundred forty eight
|
| 2,748
| Twelve thousand two hundred ninety one
|
| 12, 291
| Four hundred seventy five thousand five hundred sixty three
|
| 475,563
| Four million three hundred forty thousand seven hundred eighty nine
|
| 4,340,789
| Three hundred forty seven million four hundred seventy one thousand five hundred thirty one
|
| 347,471,531
| One and a half, one point five
Two point forty five
|
| 1.5
2.45
| One third, Two fifth
|
| 1/3, 2/5
| Nineteen seventy eight
| 1978 год
|
| Seventeen zero three
| 1703 год
|
| Two thousand six, Twenty zero six
| 2006 год
|
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Сколько тебе лет?
How old are you?
|
| How old is he?
|
| How old am I?
|
| He is 25 years old
|
| I am 23 years old
|
| He is 25
|
| I am 20
|
| We are 26
|
| In 1987 I was 10 years old
|
| In 1990 we were 13 years old
|
| How old were you in 1986?
|
| How old was he in 1987?
|
| In 2010 we will be 35 years old
|
| How old will you be in 2015?
|
|
Предлоги времени
in January February March April May June July August September October November December
in the north, south, west, east
(northern, southern, western, eastern)
on Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
at o’clock, minutes, seconds a.m. p.m.
in winter, spring, summer, autumn (fall – AmE)
in age, century, decade, year, season, month, week
on week-end, day (on January, 5 or on the fifth of January)
in the morning, afternoon, evening, night
this
last
next
yesterday
tomorrow
the day after tomorrow
the day before yesterday
the other day
one of these days
long ago
In April – в апреле
In 1999 – в 1999 году
In two days – через два дня
At 5 o’clock – в 5 часов
On Mondays – по понедельникам
By 8 o’clock tomorrow – к 8 часам завтра
From… till (to)…
During – в течение
на следующей неделе (сегодня четверг):
this week (с пятницы по воскресенье – на этой неделе)
next week (след. понедельник-воскресенье)
the next week (с этого четверга по следующий четверг)
Время
What time is it now? – который сейчас час?
a.m. – до полудня
p.m. – после полудня
at 5 o’clock in the morning (in the afternoon, in the evening) – в пять часов утра, дня, вечера
at 5 p.m. = (17.00) – в пять часов вечера
at 5 a.m. – в пять часов утра
half past 8 = пол девятого
a quarter to ten – без четверти десять
a quarter past ten – четверть одиннадцатого
ten minutes to eight – без десяти восемь
ten minutes past eight – десять минут девятого
Present Simple Active Настоящее простое в активном залоге
Употребляется для обозначения обычного, повторяющегося действия, происходящего в определенное время в определенном месте.
Я хожу на работу каждый день
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