Заполните пропуски в предложениях, используя следующие слова

unsafe, diseases, industry, rudely, attract, value, language, healthy

Tourism is an impotant ... in many countries, because they make a lot of their money from tourists. These countries try to ... foreigners and make their holidays enjoyable. Tourists do not want to go anywhere that is ... . They also want to know that it is a ... place so that they can be sure they will not catch any ... . They want to have lots of interesting things to do while they are there but they want to get ... for money. If they do not speak the ... of the country they are visiting, they will usually need someone to speak English. But most of all, they want to meet friendly people who will not speak ... to them.

Глагол to be (быть, являться, находиться)

Спряжение глагола to beв настоящем времени

Утвердительная форма

Отрицательная форма

I amat home. You are at home. He is at home. She is at home. It is at home. We are at home. You are at home. They are at home.

I am not at home. You are not at home, He is not at home. She is notat home. It is not at home. We are not at home. You are not at home. They are not at home.

Вопросительная форма

Краткий ответ

AmI at home? Areyou at home? Is he at home? Isshe at home? Isit at home? Arewe at home? Are you at home? Arethey at home?

Yes, I am. Yes, I am. Yes, he is. Yes, she is. Yes, it is. Yes, we are. Yes, we are. Yes, they are.

No, I am not. No, I am not. No, he isn’t. No, she isn’t. No, it isn’t. No, we aren’t. No, we aren’t. No, they aren’t.

Заполните пропуски в предложениях необходимой формой глагола to be в настоящем времени

1. I … a first-year student. 2. She … at work. 3. They … my friends. 4. My brother … a doctor. 5. His parents … not at home now. 6. Her family … not in Moscow. 7. … she in the library now? – Yes, she … . 8. … your mother a teacher? – Yes, she … . 9. … her friends students? – No, they … not. 10. His car … not new. 11. … your car new? – Yes, it … .

Грамматика

Спряжение глагола to beв прошедшем времени

Утвердительная форма

Отрицательная форма

I wasat home. You were at home. He was at home. She was at home. It was at home. We were at home. You were at home. They were at home.

I was not at home. You were not at home, He was not at home. She was notat home. It was not at home. We were not at home. You were not at home. They were not at home.

Вопросительная форма

Краткий ответ

WasI at home? Wereyou at home? Was he at home? Wasshe at home? Wasit at home? Werewe at home? Were you at home? Werethey at home?

Yes, I was. Yes, I was. Yes, he was. Yes, she was. Yes, it was. Yes, we were. Yes, we were. Yes, they were.

No, I wasn’t. No, I wasn’t. No, he wasn’t. No, she wasn’t. No, it wasn’t. No, we weren’t. No, we weren’t. No, they weren’t.

7. Заполните пропуски в предложениях необходимой формой глагола to be в прошедшем времени

1. I … in Spain last summer. 2. The students … at the lecture. 3. The car … in the street an hour ago. 4. The telephone … not on the table. Where … it? 5. My friend … a football player. 6. … you in the laboratory yesterday? – Yes, I … . 7. … his father at work yesterday? – No, he … not. It … Sunday yesterday. 8. Her mother … a teacher. 9. Where … you five minutes ago? 10. I … very busy yesterday.

Unit 4

1. Ответьте на вопросы

1. What is the most difficult thing about learning English?

2. Name two words in English that you find difficult to spell.

3. Is English more difficult to learn than your mother tongue? If yes, say why.

Просмотрите текст и определите его основную идею

The text is about ...

1. President Roosevelt.

2. a group of people who tried to simplify English spelling.

3. the way that advertisements simplify spelling.

4. a government printer.

5. how to pronounce English properly.

Прочтите и переведите следующий текст

Text 4

Learn Simple Spelling

Many people have tried to simplify the spelling of English words. Unlike other languages, English spells the same sounds in very different ways. For example, there is ‘light’ but ‘white’, ‘loan’ but ‘phone’ and there are at least¹ seven different ways of pronouncing the letters ‘ough’! Each of the following words is pronounced differently: ‘though’, ‘through’, ‘bough’, ‘cough’, ‘enough’, ‘ought’ and ‘thorough’.

The great Irish writer, George Bernard Shaw, was very interested in making English spelling more logical. The American president Theodore Roosevelt almost succeeded in doing this.

In 1906 one of the richest men in America, Andrew Carnegie, started the Simplified Spelling Board. This Board was a group of people whose plan was to make the spelling of words nearer to the way they sounded. For example, the word ‘though’ would be spelt ‘tho’, ‘through’ would become ‘thru’ (which it did, but much later), ‘enough’ would become ‘enuf’ and so on. Other people on the Board were Melvin Dewey, the head of the New York libraries, and Professor Brander Matthews of Columbia University.

They took the idea to President Roosevelt who thought it was a very good one. He immediately told the government printer to use the simplified spelling on all government letters.

But people do not like change – even change that makes life easier – and many people disliked the new, simpler spelling. The British – who probably thought they owned the English language – were particularly angry.

More importantly, when American politicians discussed the plan, they did not like it. As Roosevelt did not want to have a problem with the politicians, he changed his plans and told the printer to go back to the old way of spelling.

Since then no one in any government has dared to try to simplify English spelling. However, people do simplify many words, mainly in advertisements. We often see ‘tonite’ instead of ‘tonight’, for example, and ‘thru’ instead of ‘through’.

Note

¹at leastпо крайней мере

Words

spellпроизносить или писать (слово) по буквам

tryпытаться

succeedпреуспевать, иметь успех; достигнуть цели

boardправление; совет; коллегия

immediatelyнемедленно

changeперемена, изменение

ownвладеть

angryсердитый, злой

dareсметь, посметь

advertisementреклама

4. Ответьте на вопросы

1. How many ways can we pronounce the letters 'ough'?

2. Who was Andrew Carnegie?

3. Why did President Roosevelt change his mind?

4. Where do we find a lot of simplified words?

5. Do you think simplified spelling would make English easier for you? Give a reason.

Заполните пропуски в предложениях текста, используя следующие слова

usually, words, printer, simplify, discussed, politicians, agreed, difficult

English is a very ... language to read because the same sounds have different spellings. Over the years people have tried to change this to ... the spelling of English. In America in the early 1900s, the Simplified Spelling Board met and ... the changes they wanted to make to some ... . They spoke to the American president - Theodore Roosevelt - and he ... . He told the government ... to use simplified spelling on all government letters. But the president could not get the ... to agree and so all work on the idea stopped. Nowadays we have some words that are spelt simply but this is ... in advertisements.

Грамматика

Оборот there + be

1. При переводе с русского языка оборот there + be необходимо использовать если:

1) в предложении речь идет о наличии (отсутствии) какого-либо лица (предмета) в определенном месте (существует, есть, имеется, лежит, висит, стоит и т.д.);

2) слова в русском предложении следуют в порядке:

Где? Кто? (Что?)

(обстоятельство места) (подлежащее)

На столележит книга.

В гараже стоит машина.

Вчера в парке было много детей.

Структура английского предложения с оборотом there + be

There be +что? (кто?) + где? + когда?

Например, На столе лежит книга. – There is (что?) a book (где?) on the table .

В гараже стоит машина. - There is (что?) a car (где?) in the garage.

Вчера в парке было много детей. - There were (кто?) many children (где?) in the park (когда?) yesterday.

Обратите внимание, что глагол to be в составе оборота может использоваться в различных временах и согласуется в числе с подлежащим. Если в предложении несколько подлежащих, то он согласуется с первым из них. Сравните:

There is a dictionary and some books on the table.

There are some books and a dictionary on the table.

Перевод английского предложения с оборотом there + beнеобходимо начинать с обстоятельства места (времени), которое обычно находится в конце предложения. Например,

There are two windows in the room. – В комнате два окна.

Если в предложении с оборотом there + beнет обстоятельства места (времени), то его перевод начинается словами «существует», «есть», «имеется», «находится», «бывает».

There are four states of matter. - Существует четыре состояния вещества.

Отрицательная форма

There is not a computer in the room.

There is no computer in the room.

Вопросительная форма

Is there a computer in the room? – Yes, there is. No, there isn’t.

What is there in the room?

6. Переведите следующие предложения, включающие оборот there + be.

1. There are a lot of sights in this city.

2. There is much historical information in this guide.

3. There is a garden where people can walk and a canalside terrace with breathtaking views.

4. Is there a bus stop near your house?

5. There aren’t any museums in this street, but there are some very interesting monuments.

6. There wasn’t a satellite TV in the room of the hotel.

7. There are more than 300 types of job aboard ship.

7.Заполните пропуски в предложениях местоимениями some, any, no

1. I cannot post my letter. We haven’t got … stamps.

2. Are there … shops in this street?

3. Poor Oliver was hungry. He wanted … bread.

4. There are … flowers here in winter.

5. There were … people in the park because it was cold.

6. Do you want … milk in your coffee?

7. They have brought … good books from the library.

Unit 5

1. Ответьте на вопросы

1. What do you think is the most serious problem of the 21 century?

2. How will a lot more people on our planet affect our lives?

3. Which countries will suffer the most?

2. Текст "Too Many People" состоит из пяти абзацев. Просмотрите каждый из них и определите, соответствуют ли данные ниже утверждения содержанию абзаца.

Paragraph 1 - In the future there will be too many people on the Earth.

Paragraph 2 - Australia is a very large country and population growth will not cause serious problems.

Paragraph 3 - Fortunately (к счастью), coal and oil will help us with our energy needs.

Paragraph 4 - Pollution will be our biggest problem.

Paragraph 5 - Africa is leading the way in showing the solution to over-population.

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