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Переведите следующие сложноподчиненные предложения





1. When the Roman Empire collapsed the roads gradually got into a very bad state.

2. Rapid spread of railways in the United Kingdom was due to George Stephenson who was an enthusiast and a brilliant engineer.

3. The House of Lords can ask the House of Commons to rewrite certain parts of a bill before it becomes a new law.

4. The Anglo-Saxons, who invaded England in AD 350, came from Germany, Denmark and Holland.

5. The Anglo-Saxons spoke the Germanic language which became the basis of Old English.

6. London taxies are often called cabs, from the French word 'cabriolet', which is a nineteenth-century word for a coach drawn by a horse.

7. In Britain there are many different types of music and groups that you can enjoy.

8. British people who want to make films often go to America because British film industry is not so big.

 

Unit 8

 

Прочтите и переведите следующий текст

Text 8

WALES

Wales has a very strong Celtic culture. Other Celtic languages have mainly disappeared, but Welsh has been in daily use for centuries. It is estimated that 80 per cent of the population spoke Welsh during the first quarter of the nineteenth century. Various factors then reduced the number of Welsh speakers: many English and Irish workers moved to South Wales during the nineteenth century; people moved to the cities where less Welsh was spoken; children were punished if they spoke Welsh at school.

In recent years, however, there has been a revival of interest in Welsh. It is now spoken as a first language by more than 20 per cent of the population. It is used as a first language in an increasing number of schools and it is studied as a second language in all other schools in Wales.

Welsh is recognized as a minority language by the EU1. There are television and radio stations with Welsh-language programmes, even soaps.

The Welsh have been famous for their singing for centuries. On his travels around Wales in the twelfth century, Giraldus Cambrensis wrote “in a crowd of singers … you will hear as many melodies as you see mouths”. This tradition carries on today. If you go to any Welsh rugby match, you will hear supporters singing in harmony. Male-voice choirs are found throughout Wales and many Welsh people have become famous opera singers.



The reputation of Wales as a centre for music attracts musicians from all over the world to its various festivals: 40 countries take part in the International Music Eisteddfod each year, while Wales’ largest music festival, the National Eisteddfod, has performers from every Celtic country, including Scotland, Ireland, France and Spain.

Wales has not always been a part of Great Britain. Between the ninth and the eleventh centuries, Wales was divided into small states. In the thirteenth century, Llevelyn ap Iorwerth united the country and his son was crowned the first Prince of Wales. Welsh independence didn’t last long. Later that century, the English king, Edward I, decided to conquer Wales. The Welsh surrendered and Edward I of England gave the title of Prince of Wales to his own heir, Edward II. Since then the eldest son of the English king or queen has always been given the title “the Prince of Wales” and this is why Wales is called “Principality”.

Wales is famous for its castles. They were built by the Romans and the English to dominate the Welsh. There are so many of these medieval castles that they stretch like an iron chain across Wales. Perhaps the most impressive castle in Wales is Caerphilly. This immense fortress dating from 1268 is one of the greatest surviving castles of the medieval Western world. Caernarfon Castle in North Wales is the place where Prince Charles, the heir to the British throne, became Prince of Wales in 1969.

Many people go to Wales on holiday. It is famous for its mountains, which stretch from North to South Wales, its beautiful valleys and its national parks. You can go canal boating on the beautiful Llangollen Canal in the North; pony-trekking in the Snowdonia National Park; canoeing in the fast-flowing rivers and hiking in the hills. Most of its coastline is protected and has not been spoilt by tourism or industry.



Note

1EU, European UnionЕвросоюз

Words

disappearисчезать

reduce уменьшать

punishнаказывать

revivalвозрождение

increaseувеличивать, повышать

recognizeпризнавать

minorityменьшинство

crowdтолпа

choirхор

attractпривлекать

performerисполнитель

divideделить

uniteобъединять

independenceнезависимость

lastдлиться

conquerпокорять, завоевывать

surrenderсдаваться, капитулировать

heirнаследник

castleзамок

medievalсредневековый

ironжелезный

chainцепь

immenseогромный

fortressкрепость

surviveвыживать

stretchпростираться

valleyдолина

protectзащищать

spoil (spoilt)портить

Сравните причастия

 

Participle I (“ing”- форма) Participle II (III форма глагола)

(причастие активного залога) (причастие пассивного залога)

 

translating– переводящий translated- переведенный

repairing – ремонтирующий repaired- отремонтированный

writing – пишущий written - написанный

doing – делающий done – сделанный

 

В следующих предложениях выберите необходимую форму причастия

 

1. It was not easy to find the (losing, lost) key.

2. I will show you the car (buying, bought) by my brother yesterday.

3. Do you know the man (fixing, fixed) our car?

4. The car (washing, washed) at the service station was bright and clean.

5. I picked up the key (lying, lain) on the floor.

6. Everything (writing, written) here is quite right.

7. He watched the man (repairing, repaired) his vacuum cleaner.

8. They were at the conference (organizing, organized) by Moscow Technical University.

9. The young engineer (speaking, spoken) to our manager has just graduated from the University.

Unit 9

1. Прежде чем вы прочтете текст "Scotland", просмотрите следующие утверждения. Отметьте верные и неверные, на ваш взгляд, утверждения.



a. Scotland is a flat country.

b. The kilt is a Scottish national costume.

c. The famous lake Loch Ness is in Scotland.

d. Scotland has its own parliament.

e. Most people live in the Highlands.

f. Scotland is an important European centre for computer production.

 

2. Прочтите и переведите текст "Scotland"

Text 9

Scotland

Scotland has not always been a part of the United Kingdom. The Scottish people had their own royal family and fought the English for centuries. In 1603, King James VI of Scotland became King James I of England and Scotland. He moved to London and Scotland lost its independence.

In 1707, Scotland formally became part of the UK when the government of Scotland moved to Westminster, in London. Scotland managed to keep its own legal and education systems. Scotland still has different marriage laws to England. Young couples in England must have their parents’ consent to get married if they are under 18, but in Scotland they can get married at the age of 16 without their parents’ consent.

Today, about half of Scottish people want Scotland to be completely independent. This means that they want Scotland to have its own parliament and to have its own representatives in the European Parliament.

Many Scottish names begin with “Mac” or “Mc”, which means “son of”. So the name “McDonald” means “son of Donald”. Each clan or family name has its own tartan. The tartan is a checked cloth used to make the kilt, Scotland’s national costume. Most people only wear their tartans for special occasions, like weddings and Burns’ Night.

Most of Scotland’s 5 million population lives in Edinburgh, Glasgow or Aberdeen, as this is where most of the jobs are. Scotland’s traditional industries such as coal, steel and shipbuilding have declined, but the government has invested a lot of money in Scotland to develop it as an important European centre for computer production. Many of the large American and Japanese electronics companies have set up factories in southern Scotland and there are now many smaller Scottish companies which specialize in computer equipment. People have even started to call the area “Silicon Glen” (Glen is the Scottish word for valley). However, most of the high-technology parts such as chips and disk drives are still imported.

North of Edinburgh and Glasgow are the Highlands of Scotland: mountains with few trees, many sheep, wild deer and golden eagles. The Highlanders, the original people of the area, were removed by force by the English after their defeat in the Battle of Culloden in 1746. Many emigrated to America and Canada. Even today, few people live in the Highlands. Most of them are farmers, although there is also a lot of forestry and fishing. Large areas of the Highlands are kept by rich people for salmon-fishing and deer-hunting. Most Scotch whiskies are also made in the Highlands.

The Inner and Outer Hebrides are remote islands with small fishing and farming communities. Some of the people still speak Gaelic, the ancient Celtic language of Scotland.

 

Words

fight (fought)бороться, сражаться

manageудаваться

lawзакон

coupleпара

consentсогласие

representative представитель

tartanшотландка

checkedклетчатый

clothткань

wearносить

occasionслучай

coalуголь

declineснижаться, падать

equipmentоборудование

sheepовца, pl. овцы

deerолень, pl. олени

eagleорел

forceсила

defeatпоражение

salmonлосось

Функции Participle I

Определение

Причастие находится непосредственно рядом с существительным

(перед ним илипосле него)

boilingwater кипящая вода

water boilingin the kettle вода, кипящая (которая кипит) в чайнике

 

Обстоятельство

Как правило, причастие в этой функции находится в начале или в конце предложения. Иногда вводится союзами when, while.

Saying good by to everybody Попрощавшись со всеми, он

he left the room. вышел из комнаты.

While crossing the street in England Переходя улицу в Англии,

one should first look to the right надо сначала посмотреть

and then to the left. направо, а затем налево.

 

Часть сказуемого

Перед причастием находится вспомогательный глагол.

They were talkingloudly. Они громко разговаривали.

 

3. В следующих предложениях найдите Participle I и укажите его функцию. Переведите предложения.

 

1. Town planners are thinking of new methods of construction and transportation.

2. Knowing international road signs you can travel by car through any country in Europe.

3. You must have much practice when learning to speak a foreign language.

4. Entering the room the detective found nobody.

5. Everybody was looking at the dancing girl.

6. Looking out of the window he saw a strange man walking along the opposite side of the street.

7. Air pollution is getting worse because more and more people own cars.

8. She entered the room leaving the door open.

9. A person bringing good news is always welcome.

10. The first rays of the rising sun lit up the top of the hill.

Unit 10

1.Ответьте на вопросы

1. Who is the head of the state in your country?

2. What European countries are monarchies?

3. Make a list of three things you think a king or queen should do.

 








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