To introduce points/arguments for and against

Приложение 1.

Лексические и лексико-синтаксические конструкции,

Рекомендуемые к использованию в проекте ВКР

1. Предмет и объект исследования

Рекомендуемые лексико-синтаксические структуры	Рекомендуемые лексические конструкции
The object of this study is …..(e.g. the world economic systems) The subject of this study is. …(e.g the development of Russian economic system) Research/ investigation/ study area	Study/investigation/research/analyses: analytical, theoretical, practical Area/issue/problem/challenge: scientific, fundamental, principal, main/subsidiary, basic, pressing, topical, controversial, complex, theoretical/practical, common/particular

2. Цель и задачи исследования

Рекомендуемые лексико-синтаксические структуры

Рекомендуемые лексические конструкции

The aim of this study is …to analyze The purpose/the task of the study is … to calculate

The aim: main, chief, primary, principal (глаголы с общим значением исследования) to analyze/to investigate/to examine/to consider/to obtain/to determine/to find/to establish (глаголы) to calculate, compute, estimate, evaluate; develop (method, technology, device); design (device, scheme); construct, fabricate, create (a device); assemble (device; solve (problem, equation); make, carry out, perform (experiment, study, work). (прилагательные) detailed; careful; extensive; accurate comprehensive; brief, short; preliminary;; limited, few; different, various; modern; recent; promising, perspective; possible; similar; important; final

3. Актуальность выбранной темы

Рекомендуемые лексико-синтаксические структуры

Рекомендуемые лексические конструкции

As analytical surveys show that the problem hasn't been solved yet. The problem hasn't been thoroughly analyzed. Recently the problem of ….(e.g. oil price increase) has been brought forefront. Most of recent analyses fall short of … reasonableexplaining Application of … (e.g. intricate machinery complex) will finally result in adequate …( e.g. industry development) -

Analytical survey/marketing survey/results of previous studies/informational, technical analyses Thoroughly/effectively/finaly/accurately/comprehensively/widely/carefully/extensively to bring forefront/to place in the forefront Explaining, account for; interprete; elucidate; give, provide, offer (an, the) explanation, (an, the) interpretation; suggest, make a suggestion. Reasonable, satisfactory; simple; complicated; exhaustive; complete; possible; adequate; convincing. application; use, employ, apply (to), utilize; be used (employed, applied (to), utilized), find use, find (have) application, be applicable adequate, effective; elaborate; rigorous; efficient; expensive; inexpensive; versatile; valid; adequate; promising, perspective; same; another, different; alternative; improved, modified

4. Общая структура исследования

Рекомендуемые лексико-синтаксические структуры	Рекомендуемые лексические конструкции
The logic of the study is the following: First Second Third Then Next Finally	First/first of all/initially/to start with/the first step/at the first stage Second/secondly/the second step/at the second stage Third/thirdly/the third step/at the third stage Then/after that Next/subsequently/the next step/at the next stage Finally/the final step/at the final step

СТРУКТУРА ПРОЕКТА ВКР

1. Теоретическая часть

Рекомендуемые лексико-синтаксические структуры

Рекомендуемые лексические конструкции

On the hypothesis of …. The notion to be defined is … Trying to define … The basic peculiarity of … The primary definition is given … (e.g. in the politico-economic dictionary after Azimov D.) Taking into account all these characteristics …

on the hypothesis; assume, make (an) assumption; assuming, by assuming, on (under, with) the assumption that … notion/term/concept/idea to define, obtain, estimate, evaluate, deduce, derive from; determine from; estimate, evaluate (from); calculate, compute (from); deduce, derive (from); conclude, make a conclusion, inter (from); expect from; predict from; explain from; interpret from; suggest from feature; characteristics; peculiarity; be characterized by (some feature, property etc.); have (some feature, property); be characteristic of.; be typical of … primary, certain, definite; usual, ordinary; given; same; different, various; similar; variable; stable; high, higher; low, lower; increased, elevated; moderate; primary — первичный; final. take into account, consider, take into consideration, allow for, make allowance for; considering, taking into consideration, taking into account, allowing for, making allowance for, with the allowance for, when allowance is made for

2. Аналитическая часть

Рекомендуемые лексико-синтаксические структуры

Рекомендуемые лексические конструкции

To analyze the effect of ...(e.g. price increases) on …(e.g. quantity supplied) The results of the analyses are reliable enough to infer … (e.g. supply)…. and ….(e.g. demand) are examples of ... (e.g. market powers) Generally there are two types of economy: plan and market. Plan economy can be sub-divided, according to scale of government activity , into … The analyses proved the advantages of … The most serious disadvantage is …. (e.g. an inappropriate legal frame work)

effect of ... on, influence of ... on; action of ... on; influence; act on (upon); affect; produce the/an affect on ... be valid, be reliable, be useful, be of use, be helpful, be suitable, be convenient, be efficient, be adequate, For example/for instance, ... is illustrated by (... is a good illustration of) ... ... is a case in point ... Scientists such as ... Such scientists as ... The vocabulary to be used in classifying is: ... consists of .../... comprises ... ... may be classified according to/ on the basis of/depending on/upon may be divided .../... may be sub-divided .../... may be further sub-divided ... advantages, merits; achievement; contribution; grasp; coverage; deapth; foundation; considerations; success; survey; treatment; starting point; contain; deal with, survey, treat; adequate; clear; comprehensive; exclusive; deep; original; profound; rich; successful; various; up-to-date; extensive cover of (literature, material); a great variety of; a wide and intelligent grasp of; ... at the high level; in addition to, besides disadvantages, shortcomings; mistakes; misprints; misspells; errors; lapses; omission; feature; references (прилагательные) difficult; disappointing; erroneous; generalized; inadequate; outdated — устаревший

3. Практическая часть

Рекомендуемые лексико-синтаксические структуры

Рекомендуемые лексические конструкции

The results of the study are the following … These findings make it possible to conclude that … It is necessary that a more thorough study of the phenomenon should be performed Another method of treatment is proposed

result (on, of); findings (on); data (on, concerning, as to); evidence (for, of, on, concerning, that) fact (of, concerning, that); provide evidence for; give strong evidence for (of) lead to a conclusion, make it possible to conclude that ..., concerning, as to...; conclude; make, draw, reach a conclusion, come to a conclusion that...; it is concluded that; from the results it is concluded that...; it may be noted that... it may be stated that ...; thus, therefore, consequently, as a result Proposed, suggested, recommended

ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ

Рекомендуемые лексико-синтаксические структуры	Рекомендуемые лексические конструкции
It can be highly recommended In conclusion it can be said It is to be warmly welcomed In spite of minor faults it should be recommended It is of greater value to...	propose, suggest, recommend; make a suggestion; make a suggestion as to how (when, where, what etc); it is suggested that (smth.) (should) be done; it is necessary to do smth; need faults, advantage, merit; limitation, disadvantage, drawback. (прилагательные) fundamental; chief, main; great, important, essential, marked; obvious, distinct.

Приложение 2.

Рекомендуемые лексико-логические конструкции

To list points

Firstly, First of all, In the first place, To begin/start with Secondly, Thirdly, Finally

To list advantages

One/Another/A further/An additional advantage of ... is ...

The main/greatest/first advantage of ... is ...

To list disadvantages

One/Another/A further/An additional disadvantage/drawback of... is ...

The main/greatest/most serious/first disadvantage/drawback of... is ...

Another negative aspect of ... is ...

To introduce points/arguments for and against

One (very convincing) point/argument in favour of .../against ... is ...

A further common criticism of ...

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