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The challenge of Lord John Maynard Keynes





КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 3

Курс 3 семестр

1. Контрольные задания по грамматике для всех направлений

ВАРИАНТ 1

1. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя условные придаточные предложения:

1. Если бы он не позвонил ей, она бы не пришла.

2. Если бы у них был автомобиль, они бы поехали за город.

3. Если я прихожу поздно, у меня нет времени почитать.

4. Если бы я был здесь вчера, я бы помог вам.

5. Если бы я был на вашем месте, я бы не делал этого.

2. Переведите предложения на русский язык, используя герундий или причастие:

1. Everybody knows the name of the man who made that discovery.

2. His hobby is driving.

3. His dream is buying the mobile phone that can browse the Web.

4. The problems discussed at the last conference were interesting.

5. By reading much we learn much.

3. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя герундий или причастие:

1. Путешествуя по стране, он видел много интересного.

2. Окончив университет, он решил поехать на Дальний Восток.

3. Когда студенту задали этот вопрос, он не смог ответить на него сразу.

4. Человек, ждавший вас, спрашивал ваш номер телефона.

5. Выполнив условия договора, мы отказались признать претензию фирмы.

 



4. Раскройте скобки, используя условные придаточные предложения:

1. If I ruled the world, every day (will be, would be) the first day of spring.

2. If the railway station were nearer, we (should have got, will have got) there.

3. If I were you I (will go, would go) to the Tretyakov Gallery tomorrow.

4. If he (studied, had studied) hard he would have entered Moscow University.

5. If the terminals of a battery are connected by a metal wire, the free electrons

(will flow, would flow) towards the opposite terminal.

 

5. Раскройте скобки, используя герундий:

1. The boy was punished for (breaking, being breaking) the window.

2. Before (sent, being sent) to the warehouse.

3. He went away without (having left, leaving) his address.

4. The car needs (repairing, being repairing).

5. We insisted on the contract (having been signed, being signed) immediately.


ВАРИАНТ 2

 

1. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя условные придаточные предложения:

1. Если погода хорошая, мы ходим кататься на лыжах.

2. Если бы он был здесь, он бы дал о себе знать.

3. Если бы ты работал сверхурочно, мы могли бы скопить достаточно денег на отпуск летом.

4. Если бы погодные условия были благоприятными, строительство моста было бы закончено своевременно.

5. Если погода будет хорошей, мы пойдём кататься на лыжах.

6. Если бы я не был болен, я мог бы уехать вчера.



2. Переведите предложения на русский язык, используя герундий или причастие:

1. I am surprised at your having missed so many lessons this term.

2. Having lost the key, they couldn’t get in.

3. He writes articles about driving.

4. His plan of driving to Dresden is not good.

5. I am glad to have the opportunity of reading this book.

6. I like his way of reading.

3. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя герундий или причастие:

1. Хорошо зная жизнь рабочих, он помогал им в борьбе за их права.

2. Читая эту книгу, я встретил много новых фактов.

3. Войдя в зал, он сразу пошёл к своему месту.

4. События, описанные в статье, произвели на нас большое впечатление.

5. Мост, строящийся через реку, будет очень красивым.

6. Дома, строящиеся в нашем городе, невысоки.

4. Раскройте скобки, используя сослагательное наклонение:

1. If I have time I (go, will go) to the Tretyakov Gallery.

2. They (would have helped, will have helped) you, but they couldn't come.

3. If he hadn't phoned her, she (won't have come, wouldn't have come).

4. If they had a car, they (will go, would go) to the country.

5. If the weather is fine, we (would go, will go) to London.

 

5. Раскройте скобки, используя герундий:

1. I remember (have given, having been given) this instruction.

2. We prefer new methods of work (having used, being used).

3. The results need (being checked, having checked).

4. After (having reading, reading) he closed the book.

5. He entered the room without (being noticed, having been noticed).

 


ВАРИАНТ 3

 

1. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя условные придаточные предложения:

1. Если вы подождёте меня, мы пойдём туда вместе.

2. Он не закончит свою работу вовремя, если вы ему не поможете.

3. Если бы у них был автомобиль, они бы поехали за город.

4. Если бы двигатель был отремонтирован вчера, мы бы покинули порт.

5. Если бы я увидел вас вчера, я бы дал вам мой учебник.



2. Переведите предложения на русский язык, используя герундий или причастие:

1. A Polish delegation arrived in Volzhsky with the object of conducting trade negotiations.

2. You will never speak good English without learning grammar.

3. Smoking is not allowed here.

4. The rising sun was hidden by the clouds.

5. Having left school, he went to work in a factory.

3. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя герундий или причастие:

1. Не зная, что с ней, мы не могли ей помочь.

2. Закончив испытания, он записал результаты.

3. Проблемы, обсуждённые на последней конференции, были интересны.

4. Так как мост был построен из дерева, он не мог выдержать тяжёлых нагрузок.

5. Книга, переведенная с английского языка, интересная.

4. Раскройте скобки, используя условные придаточные предложения:

1. If you (go, will go) to America, you will see a lot of monuments and

museums.

2. If I had time last week I (would carry out, would have carried out) the

experiment.

3. If I were you, I (would go, would have gone) to Berlin by plane.

4. They (will do, would do) it, if they have the necessary material.

5. If he had stayed in New York a little longer, he (would have visited, would

visit) many interesting places.

5. Раскройте скобки, используя герундий:

1. After (receiving, having been received) good results they stopped the experiments.

2. I remember (being given, having given) this instruction.

3. We prefer new methods of work (being used, have used).

4. I remember (having shown, being shown) her the letter.

5. We prefer (having used, using) new methods of work.


ВАРИАНТ 4

 

1. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя условные придаточные предложения:

1. Если бы мы были свободны вчера, мы бы пошли в кино.

2. Было бы хорошо, если бы вы не курили.

3. Если я приду пораньше, у меня будет время почитать.

4. Если я прихожу поздно, у меня нет времени почитать.

5. Если бы я был в Москве, я бы посмотрел эту новую постановку.

2. Переведите предложения на русский язык, используя герундий или причастие:

1. He picked up the letter lying on the floor.

2. Reading English books every day will improve your knowledge of the language.

3. She came up to the crying child.

4. I remember hearing this song in my childhood.

5. Having fulfilled the terms of the contract, we refused to admit the claim of the firm.

3. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя герундий или причастие:

1. Я люблю фильмы, показывающие жизнь знаменитых людей.

2. Приехав в город, они пошли прямо в гостиницу.

3. Составляя контракт, на продажу товара, необходимо давать подробное описание товара.

4. Обсуждаемые проблемы интересны.

5. Разбитая чашка лежала на столе.

4. Раскройте скобки, используя условные придаточные предложения:

1. If we hurry, we (will catch, catch) the bus.

2. He would not have caught cold if he (has put, had put) on a warm coat.

3. If I were in your place I (won't buy, wouldn't buy) the tickets beforehand.

4. If the conference (will take, takes) place next month, I won't be able to take part in it.

5. If I (came, come) later I would be late for the lesson.

 

5. Раскройте скобки, используя герундий:

1. I remember (having given, being given) this instruction.

2. Before (sent, being sent) to the warehouse.

3. The car needs (repairing, being repairing).

4. He went away without (having left, leaving) his address.

5. We insisted on the contract (having been signed, being signed) immediately.

 


ВАРИАНТ 5

1. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя условные придаточные предложения:

1. Если ты поможешь мне, я сделаю эту работу вовремя.

2. Как только я освобожусь, я приду к тебе.

3. Мы не начнём, пока ты не придёшь.

4. Если бы погода (сейчас) была хорошей, он бы поехал за город.

5. Если бы у меня было свободное время вчера, я бы сделал эту работу сам.

 

2. Переведите предложения на русский язык, используя герундий или причастие:

1. A lot of students from developing countries study in this country.

2. Smoking is not allowed here.

3. Reading means gaining knowledge.

4. I remember having shown her the letter.

5. The translation of the article is rather good.

 

3. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя герундий или причастие:

1. Много студентов из развивающихся стран учатся в нашей стране.

2. Театр, построенный в прошлом веке, нуждался в реконструкции.

3. Переводя статью, он пользовался словарём.

4. Когда вы войдёте в комнату, вы отдадите письмо женщине, сидящей у окна.

5. Таможенник стоял на палубе, считая ящики.

 

4. Раскройте скобки, используя условные придаточные предложения:

1. The accident wouldn’t have happened if you (had driven, would have driven) more carefully.

2. If he had stayed in New York a little longer, he (would have visited, would

visit) many interesting places.

3. If you lived in London you (will drive, would drive) your car on the left-hand

side.

4. If he (has, had) a million pounds, he would probably buy a yacht.

5. If I had seen you yesterday I (would have given, will have given) you my text-book.

5. Раскройте скобки, используя герундий:

1. Before (sent, being sent) to the warehouse, the cases were counted and marked.

2. He went away without (having left, leaving) his address.

3. The car needs (repairing, being repairing).

4. The results need (being checked, having checked).

5. I don't remember (having seen, being seen) him before.

 


2. Контрольные задания по работе с текстом по специальности

Тексты по направлениям

080100.62 "Экономика", 080200.62 "Менеджмент"

 

ВАРИАНТ 1

 

1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык текст:

The challenge of Lord John Maynard Keynes

Smith's version of the economic system as naturally naturally self-organizing and self-adjusting "social mechanism"- known latterly as classical or neoclassical economic doctrine (or sometimes, more shortly and perhaps satirically, as orthodox or conventional wisdom) - was never confirmed by factual evidence, as Newton's laws of motion were; all the same, classical doctrine dominated economic thinking and national economic policy in all advanced economies for the next 150 years, and it plays a prominent role in many countries to this day. Whether right or wrong, classical theory was first seriously challenged by the great English statesman and economist Lord John Maynard Keynes, who claimed to see in the Great Depression of the 1930s evidence that the economic system was not self-adjusting, and whose followers argued that without continued government intervention the economic system would typically operate at levels of activity substantially lower than required to achieve full employment of labor and other resources. Exactly what Keynes said, or what he meant, or what he really meant, has been hotly disputed among economists for more than 50 years, conveying to many noneconomists the notion that economists as a group are uniquely quarrelsome and doubtfully competent. There is no merit in this notion. What is true, as the great English economist Joan Robinson once observed, is that "in a subject where there is no agreed procedure for knocking out error, doctrine has long life." Perhaps time and further study will some day reveal whether the classical or the Keynesian conception of economic life accords more closely with experience. Meanwhile, the great worry is that, in the absence of professional competence to make valid diagnoses, we will treat cases of economic toothache as cases of lockjaw and kill our patient: or, no less seriously, we will leave apparently minor economic lumps untreated and so, through inaction, fail to cure problems that turn out to be terminal. On a brighter note we may recall Lord Keynes's wistful observation: "If economists could someday manage to get themselves thought of as humble, competent people, on a level with dentists, that would he splendid!" Perhaps that time will one day come. If it does, and if economists are then able accurately to diagnose and prescribe cures for economic ills, they will have little reason to feel humble.

2. Прочитайте текст снова и письменно ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is a classical economic doctrine?

2. What does the author say about Newton's and Smith's laws or doctrines?

3. Who first challenged the classical economics?

4. What were Keynes' and his followers' arguments against the self-adjusting market doctrine?

5. How had the noneconomists' opinion changed toward the economist?


ВАРИАНТ 2

 

1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык текст:

 

THE LAW OF DEMAND

Demand is a key concept in both macroeconomics and microeconomics. In the former, consumption is mainly a function of income; whereas in the latter, consumption or demand is primarily, but not exclusively, a function of price. This analysis of demand relates to microeconomic theory. The theory of demand was mostly implicit in the writings of classical economists before the late nineteenth century. Current theory rests on the foundations laid by Marshall (1890), Edgeworth (1881), and Pareto (1896). Marshall viewed demand in a cardinal context, in which utility could be quantified. Most contemporary economists hold the approach taken by Edgeworth and Pareto, in which demand has only ordinal characteristics and in which indifference or preferences become central to the analysis. Much economic analysis focuses on the relation between prices and quantities demanded, the other variables being provisionally held constant. At the various prices that could prevail in a market during some period of time, different quantities of a good or service would be bought. Demand, then, is considered as a list of prices and quantities, with one quantity for each possible price. With price on the vertical axis and quantity on the horizontal axis, the demand curve slopes downward from left to right, signifying that smaller quantities are bought at higher prices and larger quantities are bought at lower prices. The inverse relation between price and quantity is usually called the law of demand. The law rests on two foundations. One is the theory of the consumer, the logic of which shows that the consumer responds to lower prices by buying more. The other foundation is empirical, with innumerable studies of demand in actual markets having demonstrated the existence of downward-sloping demand curves. Exceptions to the law of demand are the curiosa of theorists. The best-known exception is the Giffen effect — a consumer buys more, not less of a commodity at higher prices when a negative income effect dominates over the substitution effect.

 

2. Прочитайте текст снова и письменно ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is "demand"?

2. What is the current theory of demand based on?

3. What prominent economists contributed to the development of the theory of demand?

4. How is it possible to show the interrelation of price and quantities consumed?

5. What is "Giffen effect"?

 


ВАРИАНТ 3

 

1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык текст:

CHANNELS OF MARKETING

Individual consumers and corporate/organizational buyers are aware that thousands of goods and services are available through a very large number of diverse channel outlets. What they may not be well aware of is the fact that the channel structure, or the set of institutions, agencies, and establishments through which the product must move to get to them, can be amazingly complex. Usually, combinations of institutions specializing in manufacturing, wholesaling, retailing, and many other areas join forces in marketing channel arrangements to make possible the delivery of goods to industrial users or customers and to final consumers. The same is true for the marketing of services. For example, in the case of health care delivery, hospitals, ambulance services, physicians, laboratories, insurance companies, and drugstores combine efforts in an organized channel arrangement to ensure the delivery of a critical service. All these institutions depend on each other to cater effectively to consumer demands. Therefore, marketing channels can be viewed as sets of interdependent organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption. From the outset, it should be recognized that not only do marketing channels satisfy demand by supplying goods and services at the right place, quantity, quality, and price, but they also stimulate demand through the promotional activities of the units (e.g., retailers, manufacturers' representatives, sales offices, and wholesalers) comprising them. Therefore, the channel should be viewed as an orchestrated network that creates value for the user or consumer through the generation of form, possession, time, and place utilities. A major focus of marketing channel management is on delivery. It is only through distribution that public and private goods can be made available for consumption. Producers of such goods are individually capable of generating only form or structural utility for their "products".


2.Прочитайте текст снова и письменно ответьте на вопросы:

1. What are individual consumers and corporate buyers aware of?

2. What combinations of institutions specializing in manufacturing, wholesaling, retailing usually do to maximize their profits?

3. What is an example of health care delivery used for?

4. What is the major focus of marketing channel management concentrated on?

5. Why marketing channels can be viewed as sets of interdependent organizations involved in the process of making a product or service available for use or consumption?


ВАРИАНТ 4

1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык текст:

LAW OF SUPPLY

Supply is a fundamental concept in both macro- and microeconomic analysis. In macroeconomic theory, aggregate supply is mainly a function of expected sales to consumers, businesses, and governments. In microanalysis supply is mainly a function of prices and costs of production. A more complex view of the supply curve for a commodity is its relation between quantities forthcoming and the possible current prices of that commodity, its expected future prices, the prices of alternative goods and services, the costs of the producer, and time. Incorporated in the supply curve of goods and services are opportunity costs. Economists differ from accoun­tants and from the Internal Revenue Service by including both explicit and implicit costs, or opportunity costs. Implicit costs are mainly business costs for wages, rents, and interest, whereas opportunity costs are the alternative costs of doing something else. A sole proprietor or the owners of businesses should calculate what they forgo in wages, rents, and interest by not working for someone else, or by renting the property they use to others, or by the possibility of converting plant and equipment to alternative investment projects. In competitive markets the shape, or elasticity of supply, reflects time in the production process, such as the immediate or market period, the short run, and the long run. Elasticity of supply is the relative change in price that induces a relative change in quantity supplied. The supply curve is a line on a diagram where the vertical axis measures price and the horizontal axis is quantity. Usually the coefficient of elasticity is positive, meaning that a rise in price induces an increase in the quantity supplied. In the immediate or market period, a given moment, time is defined as too short to allow for a change in output. The supply curve is vertical, and the coefficient of elasticity is zero,

2. Прочитайте текст снова и письменно ответьте на вопросы:

1. What is the difference of the concept of supply in macro— and microeconomics?

2. What are opportunity costs?

3. What are implicit costs?

4. What, according to the text, a sole proprietor or the owners should do?

5. What does the elasticity of supply show?


ВАРИАНТ 5

1. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык текст:

MIXED ECONOMIES

Command and market economies both have significant faults. Partly because of this, an intermediate system has developed, known as mixed economies.

A mixed economy contains elements of both market and planned economies. At one extreme we have a command economy, which does not allow individuals to make economic decisions, at the other extreme we have a free market, where individuals exercise considerable economic freedom of choice without any government restrictions. Between these two extremes lies a mixed economy. In mixed economies some resources are controlled by the government whilst others are used in response to the demands of consumers.

Technically, all the economies of the world are mixed. Some countries are nearer to command economies, while others are closer to free market economies.

The aim of mixed economies is to avoid the disadvantages of both systems while enjoying the benefits that they both offer. So, in a mixed economy the government and the private sector interact in solving economic problems. The state controls the share of the output through taxation and transfer payments and intervenes to supply essential items such as health, education and defence, while private firms produce cars, furniture, electrical items and similar, less essential products.

The United Kingdom is a country with mixed economy. Some services are provided by the state (for example, health care and defence) whilst a range of privately owned businesses offer other goods and services. The Russian Federation is also a country with a mixed economy.

2. Прочитайте текст снова и письменно ответьте на вопросы:

1. Do really pure examples of planned and market economies exist in the world?

2. What is a mixed economy?

3. What is its aim?

4. What type of economy has the UK?

5. What type of economy is in Russia now?

 


ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ

  Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации Волжский политехнический институт (филиал) федерального государственного бюджетного образовательного учреждения высшего профессионального образования «Волгоградский государственный технический университет» ВПИ (филиал) ВолгГТУ   Вечерний факультет   Кафедра «Иностранные языки»    
«Иностранный язык» (английский)
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 3

по дисциплине _____________________________________

 
 
1


ВАРИАНТ № _____

(номер)

Иван Иванович Иванов
Выполнил студент(ка) ____________________________

(имя, отчество, фамилия)

ВТМЗ-267
Группа ____________________

 

Контактный телефон __________________________

 
 
0111671


Номер зачетной книжки _______________________

 

Оценка работы ________________________

(зачтено / не зачтено)

 

Дата проверки ________________________

 
 
преп. И. А. Гольцов


Проверил ______________________ ____________________

(подпись) (должность, инициалы и фамилия)

 

 

Волжский 2012

 

 

Учебное издание

 

Игорь Анатольевич Гольцов

Оксана Валериевна Коренькова

Тамара АлександровнаГалицына

 

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

 

Методические указания по выполнению контрольной работы № 3 по дисциплине «Иностранный язык»

для студентов заочной формы обучения

(полной программы обучения)

Курс 3 семестр

Методические указания

 

План электронных изданий 2012 г. Поз. № ____.

Подписано на « Выпуск в свет» __________. Уч-изд. л. _____.

На магнитоносителе.

Волгоградский государственный технический университет.

400131, г. Волгоград, пр. Ленина, 28, корп. 1.

 








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