Перепишите и письменно переведите данные предложения, содержащие условные придаточные предложения.

1. If prices fall the manufacturers will reduce the production. 2. If prices fell the production would be reduced. 3. If business had been going well the company would have survived. 4. Were there an excess of these goods, however, the individual cannot change the prices of the commodities he wants. 5.When planning his expenditures, he must therefore accept these fixed prices. Relative demand would go down, then. 6. If it is a free market, the competition takes place among sellers of the same commodity.7. If you fired this bookkeeper, you would be very sorry. 8. If you had put services into effect quickly, you would not have failed. 9. If you start your own business you need capital. 10. If we examine the monetary history of Greece and Rome, we'll find a very complex manipulation of standards and currency.

5. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, содержащие конструкции с причастиями, герундием и инфинитивом.

1. This kind of business seemed to be successful. 2. The Island of Britain is known to have been revealed to the Roman world by Julius Caesar in the year 55 ВС 3. The manager made his employees start productive work. 4. We consider such a risk to have been justified. 5. In the American economic system the type and quality of goods produced are determined largely through the interaction of supply and demand. 6. With the sphere of culture still remaining profitable, the aim of the "cultural" capitalist is to cut down the cost of production to a minimum.

7. Selling commodities on foreign markets entrepreneurs are able to expand production and thereby to increase profit. 8. The amount of money to be paid included the cost of packing. 9. The planning process requires a large bureaucracy with the resulting problem of securing administrative efficiency faced by any large organization. 10. The government can influence the money supply by buying and selling its own securities.

6. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие усилительные (эмфатические) конструкции.

1. Workers do restore the physical strength because they have all the vital necessities needed. 2. It is abstract labour that forms the value of a commodity. 3. It is only the value of the workers' labour that they are paid for. 4. It is under private ownership of the production means when the law of value results in the emergence of capitalist relations. 5.I believe he does know the subject well.

7. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1 и З абзацы. The Open Market

Capital invested in business is simply the accumulation of previous surpluses on previous business activities. In this way the past is used to finance the future. The accumulation of capital is almost always deliberate, either on the part of individual citizens or on the part of the state. Even in non-capitalistic societies a certain part of the surplus achieved in any enterprise is "ploughed back" into the system in order to promote further growth.

When capital, labour and enterprise combine to make a new business successful, the business must still continue to compete on the market with other companies producing the same type of commodity. The term market, as used by economists, is a logical extension from the idea of a place set aside for buying and selling. In the past, part of a town was kept as a marketplace, and country people would come in on market-days to buy and sell. Markets today need not however to be located in any fixed place: the sugar market and the cotton market are not geographical locations, but simply sets of conditions which permit buyers and sellers to work together.

In a free market, competition takes place among sellers in order to sell their commodities at the best possible price, and among buyers in order to obtain what they want at a price, which suits them. Such competition influences prices. Changes in supply and demand have their effects, and it is not surprising that considerable fluctuations in price can take place over periods of weeks and months.

ВАРИАНТ III

Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что инфинитив в функции определения и особенно Complex Object и Complex Subject часто соответствуют придаточным предложениям.

1. Goods not to be stored for a long time are called perishable goods. 2. Do you want us to revise the price? 3. The new business was expected to give considerable profit. 4. The first use of the symbol to decorate a shawl appears to have been in the Indian province of Kashmir in the late 17^th century. 5. We know labour power to exist only as long as its owner remains alive. 6. There is every reason to suppose that the machinery will arrive in time. 7. When exchanged, articles of different value are equaled to each other.

2. Перепишите и письменно переведите данные ниже предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастного оборотов.

1. The part of capital spent on production means is called constant capital. 2. Looking at varicoloured cars, lorries and buses rushing from traffic lights to traffic lights, from one jam to another, it is hard to imagine that Japan entered the automobile age only 30 years ago. 3. 1960 was a historic year in aviation making the passage from propeller flight to the jet era. 4. Having made an investment they expected to obtain good interest. 5. The investment having been made, they gained high profit. 6. The assortment was varied, with the customers being satisfied. 7. The discount having been given, the contract was drawn up.

3. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, учитывая разные возможности перевода герундия на русский язык.

1. Factors of production include labour, capital and natural resources

used in producing goods and services. 2. The change of the exchange rate resulted in renegotiating the price. 3. The cameras sold well after having been promoted. 4. In determining the probability of this enterprise, the entrepreneur sets surplus against the capital spent. 5. After revealing the secret of capitalist exploitation, Marx discovered the basic law of capitalist mode of production.

4. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, содержащие конструкции с причастиями, герундием и инфинитивом.

1. Every enterprise would like fuel and raw materials to be cheap. 2. Being a commodity, labour power also has a use-value, which includes the wage, that is worker's capacity to create value greater than the value of his labour during production. 3. Historians suppose the name "London" to come from a Celtic word. 4. The new method is believed to have given good results. 5. Speculation is buying and selling with a view to buying and selling after when prices have changed. 6. The Physiocrats regarded the state's role as simply that of preserving property and upholding the natural order. 7. Communications being easy, buyers and sellers are numerous and competition is completely free. 8. Transfer costs should include all costs of achieving these physical transfers, including loading and unloading costs, administrative costs, etc. 9. Having created products to meet present and future needs, we must ensure that they provide optimum cost performance (оптимальную характеристику стоимости).

5. Перепишите и письменно переведите данные предложения,

содержащие условные придаточные предложения.

1. If prices increase we shan't be able to buy more fuel from you. 2. If

you gave us a 5% discount we would increase our purchase of fuel. 3. If there had been an excess of this commodity the demand would have fallen. 4. Had the terms been reasonable the contract would have been signed immediately. 5.If you think we are living in an age of technology, you are perfectly right. If you think this is a phenomenon of recent years or centuries, you are entirely wrong. 6. If we look at the structure of societies, it will be seen that they are divided into different levels, or strata. 7. If we could go back thousands of years, we should find that people who lived at that time also had to think of necessary supplies of food and clothing, and of suitable shelter. 8. Trade would have developed, if some surplus had been produced. 9. The great development of industry that occurred in the 19^th century would not have been possible if it had not been for the invention of steam.

6. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие

усилительные (эмфатические) конструкции.

1. The quality and quantity of the necessary means of substance do

depend on certain factors. 2. It is the development of the forms of value that led to the appearance of money itself. 3. It is the working people who suffer most from the inflation. 4. It was two years ago when the firm built this factory. 5. It was the mechanized cotton mills of the North of England that were making wealth.

Не нашли, что искали? Воспользуйтесь поиском по сайту: