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Listen to the text and be ready to answer the questions on it (see 7.1; 7.2; 7.3)Содержание Введение .................................................................................................................... 4 1 Section1 .................................................................................................................... 5 2 Section2 .................................................................................................................... 9 3 Section3 .................................................................................................................. 15 4 Section4 .................................................................................................................. 21 5 Section5 .................................................................................................................. 24 6 Section6 .................................................................................................................. 30 7 Section7 ..............................................................................................................…35 Список использованных источников………………………………….42
Введение
Данные методические указания по английскому языку предназначены для студентов всех специальностей. Методические указания способствуют развитию диалогической и монологической речи, а также развивают речевые навыки и умения перевода и говорения. Предназначены для использования на практических занятиях по английскому языку. Тематический отбор материала позволяет ознакомить студентов с терминологией по данной теме. Методические указания состоят из 7 разделов, включающих основные тексты для изучающего чтения, упражнения для развития навыков устной и письменной речи. Разделы содержат грамматические упражнения, построенные на примерах из текстов, и подборку текстов для самостоятельного чтения.
Section1 Russia: geography and economy
Topical vocabulary total area общая площадь to occupy занимать to stretch from …to… протянуться от … до … to be bordered by граничить с (чем-либо) to comprise smth. включать что-либо to vary from smth. to smth. варьировать от чего-либо до чего-либо a barren desert бесплодная пустыня a high peaked mountain горная вершина a deep valley глубокая долина to be located быть расположенным a plain равнина a mountain chain горная цепь to separate Europe from Asia отделять Европу от Азии to flow into впадать (во что-либо) climate климат arctic арктический continental континентальный subtropical субтропический the current population население на данный период a highly-industrialized-agrarian republic республика с высокоразвитой промышленностью и сельским хозяйством vast mineral resources богатые запасы полезных иско- паемых to include oil and natural gas включать нефть и природный газ coal уголь iron железо zinc цинк lead свинец nickel никель aluminium алюминий gold золото a non-ferrous metal цветной металл
to be engaged in agriculture быть занятым в сельском хо- зяйстве to produce grain производить зерно a dairy product молочный продукт a granary житница a constitutional republic конституционная республика the legislative power законодательная власть to be vested in осуществляться (чем-либо)
Text 1 The Russian Federation In area, the Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. Its total area is about 17 million square kilometres. It occupies most of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Russia stretches from the Baltic Sea in the West to the Pacific Ocean in the East and from the Arctic Ocean in the North to the Black Sea and the Caucasus, the Altai, and the Sayan mountains, and the Amur and the Ussuri rivers in the South. It is bordered by Norway and Finland in the north-west, Estonia, Latvia, Belarus and the Ukraine in the West, Georgia and Azerbaijan in the south-west, and Kazakhstan , Mongolia, China along the southern border. The federation comprises 21 republics. The land of Russia varies from thick forests to barren deserts, from high peaked mountains to deep valleys. Russian Federation is located on two plains, Great Russian Plain and West Siberian Lowland. The longest mountain chains are the Urals, separating Europe from Asia, the Caucasus, the Altai. Russia’s most important rivers are the Volga, Europe’s biggest river, flowing into the Caspian Sea, the main Siberian rivers (the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena), and the Amur in the Far East, flowing into the Pacific Ocean. The total number of rivers in Russia is over two million. The world’s deepest lake – Lake Baikal, with the depth of 1600 metres, is situated in Russia, too. The climate in Russia varies from arctic in the north to continental in the central part of the country and subtropical in the south. The current population of Russia is about 50 million people; 82 % of the population are Russians. Russia is a highly-industrialized-agrarian republic. Its vast mineral resources include oil and natural gas, coal, iron, zinc, lead, nickel, aluminium, gold and other non-ferrous metals. Russia has the world’s largest oil and natural gas resources. Three-quarters of the republic’s mineral wealth is concentrated in Siberia and the Far East. Approximately 10 million people are engaged in agriculture and they produce half of the region’s grain, meat, milk, and other dairy products. The largest granaries are located in the North Caucasus and the Volga and the Amur regions.
million people. Russia is a constitutional republic, with President as Head of State. The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly, consisting of the Council of Federation and the State Duma.
Answer the questions 1) What territory does Russia occupy? 2) What countries does it border on? 3) What plains is it located on? 4) What are the longest mountain chains? 5) What sea does Europe’s biggest river flow into? 6) What river flows into the Pacific Ocean? 7) How deep is the world’s purest lake Baikal? 8) How does the climate in Russia vary? 9) What mineral resources does Russia possess? 10) What industries are developed in Russia? 11) What products do agricultural enterprises produce?
Find the endings to the following sentences 1) Russia occupies … 2) The federation comprises … 3) Russia borders on … 4) There are many … 5) Our country is bordered by … 6) The main Siberian rivers are … 7) There are … 8) The climate in the central part of the country is … 9) The climate in the south is … 10) The people in the north live …
1)… thick forests and barren deserts 2)… Mongolia and China in the south 3)… Georgia and Azerbaijan in the south-west 4)… continental 5)… two million rivers in Russia 6)… 17 million square kilometres 7)… 21 republics 8)… the Ob, the Yenisei, the Lena 9)… subtropical 10)… under the Arctic climate State if the following sentences correspond to the text. Correct them if necessary 1) Our country, the Russian Federation is the largest in the world. 2) Russia stretches from the Baltic Sea in North to the Pacific Ocean in the West, from the Arctic Ocean in the South to the Black Sea in the North. 3) Russia is not rich in mineral resources. 4) It is an agrarian republic. 5) 10 million people work in agriculture.
7) Russia is a constitutional monarchy, the head of the state is the Federal Assembly. Complete the sentences and speak about Russian economy 1) Russia is a country with a highly-developed … 2) There are vast mineral resources including … 3) The mineral wealth of the country is concentrated in …, including 4) The population engaged in agriculture produce … 5) The largest granaries are …
Make up different situations using «Topical vocabulary». Speak on geography, borders, rivers, mountains of our country. Translate the dialogue into English and reproduce it A: Не хотели бы Вы посетить Урал? B: Мне кажется, это очень далеко от центра России. A: Урал находится на границе Европы и Азии, но если лететь самолетом, то это не так уж и далеко. B: А Уральские горы высокие? A: Нет, это довольно старые горы, но на Урале много полезных ископаемых и поэтому много промышленных городов. В: Какие же промышленные центры мы могли бы посетить? А: Мне кажется, что стоит посмотреть (it’s worth seeing) такие промышленные гиганты, как Екатеринбург, Челябинск, Магнитогорск, а на юге – сельскохозяйственную житницу – Оренбургский регион. В: Ну, что же! (Oh, well) Довольно-таки интересно. Я согласен. Когда отправляемся?
Text 2. Read the text and write down the information not mentioned in Text 1 The Russian Federation The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. It occupies about one-seventh of the earth’s surface. It covers the eastern part of Europe and the northern part of Asia. Its total area is about 17 million square kilometres. The country is washed by 12 seas of 3 oceans: the Pacific, the Arctic and the Atlantic. In the south Russia borders on China, Mongolia, Korea, Kazakhstan, Georgia and Azerbaijan. In the west it borders on Norway, Finland. The Baltic States, Belorussia, the Ukraine. It also has a sea-border with the USA. There is hardly a country in the world where such a variety of scenery and vegetation can be found. We have steppes in the south, plains and forests in the midland, tundra and taiga in the north, highlands and deserts in the east.
There are over two million rivers in Russia. Europe’s biggest river, the Volga, flows into the Caspian Sea. The main Siberian rivers – the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena – flow, from the south to the north. The Amur in the Far East flows into the Pacific Ocean. Russia is rich in beautiful lakes. The world’s deepest lake (1,600 metres) is Lake Baikal. It is much smaller than the Baltic Sea, but there is much more water in it than in the Baltic Sea. The water in the lake is so clear that if you look down you can count the stones on the bottom. Russia has one-sixth of the world’s forests. They are concentrated in the European north of the country, in Siberia and in the Far East. On the vast territory of the country there are various types of climate, from arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. In the middle of the country the climate is temperate and continental. Russia is very rich in oil, coal, iron ore, natural gas, copper, nickel and other mineral resources. Russia is a parliamentary republic. The Head of State is the President. The legislative powers are exercised by the Duma. The capital of Russia is Moscow. It is its largest political, scientific, cultural and industrial centre. It is one of the oldest Russian cities. At present, the political and economic situation in the country is rather complicated. There are a lot of problems in the national economy of the Russian Federation. The industrial production is decreasing. The prices are constantly rising, the rate of inflation is very high. People are losing their Jobs because many factories and plants are going bankrupt.
Listen to the text and be ready to answer the questions on it (see 7.1; 7.2; 7.3) 
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