Clean go take visit watch wear

1. When you play tennis, ___the ball.

2. It's late and you're very tired___ to bed.

3. ___your teeth twice a day.

4. If you have time, ___the Science Museum. It's very interesting.

5. When you're driving, ___a seat belt.

6. It’s too far to walk from here to the station___ a taxi.

5.Write about the people in the pictures. Use Не/She shouldn't

6.You ask a friend for advice. Write questions with Do you think I should...?

1. You are in a shop. You are trying on a jacket, (buy?) You ask your friend:___

2.You can't drive, (learn?) You ask your friend: Do you think___

3. You don't like your job. (get another job?) You ask your friend:___

4. You are going to have a party, (invite Gary?) You ask your friend:___

7.Write sentences with I think... should... or I don't think... should....

1. It's late, … (go home now).

2.That coat is too big for you, …(buy it)

3.You don't need your car, … (sell it)

4.Diane needs a rest, …(have a holiday)

5.Sally and Colin are too young, … (get married)

6. You're not well this morning, … (go to work)

7. James isn't well today, … (go to the doctor)

8. The hotel is too expensive for us, … (stay there)

8. Write a sentence (beginning in the way shown) that means the same as the first sentence.

1. 'I think it would be a good idea to see a specialist,' the doctor said to me.

The doctor recommended that Ishould see a specialist.

9. Complete the sentences using should+ one of these verbs:

ask be leave listen say worry

1. It's strange that she should be late. She's usually on time.

2. It's funny that you___that. I was going to say the same thing.

3. It's only natural that parents___about their children.

4. Isn't it typical of Ron that he___without saying goodbye to anybody?

5. I was surprised that he___me for advice. What advice could I give him.

6. It's very important that everybody___very carefully.

10. Complete these sentences using if...should.

1. (It's possible that you'll see Tom this evening.)

If you should see Tom this evening, can you ask him to phone me?

2. (It's possible that Ann will arrive before I get home.)

If___, can you look after her until I come?

3. (Perhaps there will be some letters for me while I'm away.)___, can you send them on to this address?

4. (I don't suppose you'll need help but you might.)___, let me know.

Write sentences 3 and 4 again, this time beginning with should.

5. (3)___, can you send them on to this address?

6. (4)___

11. Write sentences with should (have) or ought to (have).

1. Sophie didn't turn off the oven before she went to bed. Sophie should have turned it off.

2. James smokes in the office.

3. The students left the light on in the classroom.

4. People don't keep the beaches clean.

5. My brother didn't send our grandmother a birthday card.

6. They destroyed parts of the rainforest.

12. Rewrite these sentences about what you should do to protect your eyes, using shouldor ought to.

Example: Do not use a monitor that is fuzzy or distorts the image. - You shouldn't use a monitor that is fuzzy or distorts the image. You oughtn't to use a monitor that is fuzzy or distorts the image.

1. Do not stare at the screen for long periods of time.

2. Avoid placing the monitor so that it reflects a source of bright light, such as a window.

3. Keep the screen clean to prevent distorting shadows.

4. If you work in an office with a large number of computers, do not sit too close to the sides or backs of the monitors.

5. Buy a protective filter that cuts down the ELF (Extremely Low Frequency) emissions.

6. Position your keyboard at the same height as your elbows.

13.Consider the following checklist for your own personal computer. Read and construct the sentences using the modal verbs should or ought to. Then translate the sentences into Russian.

1) No eating, drinking, or smoking near the computer.

2) Don't place the computer near open windows or doors.

3) Don't subject the computer to extreme temperatures.

4) Clean equipment regularly.

5) Place a cable lockon the computer.

6) Use a surge protector.

7) Store diskettes properly in a locked container.

8) Maintain backup copies of all files.

9) Store copies of critical files off site.

TO BE TO

Для выражения необходимости совершить действие согласно предыдущей договоренности или заранее намеченному плану используется глаголto be (to), который переводится на русский язык, как должен, должны для настоящего и будущего времени, должен был, должны были для прошедшего.

I was tomeet her at 3 o’clock. Я должен был встретить ее в три часа.

He is to work with all types of Он должен работать со всеми видами

data storage devices. устройств хранения информации.

He is to come here tomorrow.Ондолженприйти сюда завтра.

NEED

Глагол need является полумодальным глаголом: может употребляться самостоятельно как знаменательный глагол, и как модальный глагол для выражения необходимости. Если need используется как самостоятельный глагол, все формы он образует по правилам других смысловых глаголов.

Например: I need your advice. Мне нужен твой совет

Do you needan umbrella? It might rain. Тебе нужен зонт? Вероятно, пойдет дождь.

She doesn’t need your advice. Ей не нужен твой совет.

Модальная форма needиспользуется в том случае, если говорится об одном конкретном действии/ явлении.

You needn't do it just now. Тебе не надо этого сейчас делать.

1) Needвыражает необходимость. Соответствует русскому «нужно».

Need you work so hard now? Тебе нужно сейчас так много работать?

2)В вопросительных предложениях need используется в тех случаях, если в предложениях выражается сильное сомнение или если говорящий ожидает отрицательный ответ.

Need she go there? Ей ведь не надо туда идти? (в надежде

получить отрицательный ответ)

3)В отрицательных предложениях need в сочетании с перфектным инфинитивом служит для передачи того, что действие, выраженное инфинитивом, было выполнено, но не было необходимым. Это обозначает, что время и силы были потрачены зря. Переводится как «зря, незачем, не к чему было».

You needn't have spent all the money. Зря ты потратил все деньги.

Now we've got nothing left. У нас ничего не осталось.

Значение и употребление глагола need

Exercises

1. Complete the sentences using needn't+ one of these verbs:

ask come explain leave tell walk

1. We've got plenty of time. We needn’t leave yet.

2. I can manage the shopping alone. You___ with me.

3. We___ all the way home. We can get a taxi.

4. Just help yourself if you'd like something to eat. You___ first.

5. We can keep this a secret between ourselves. We___ anybody else.

6. I understand the situation perfectly. You___ further.

2. Complete the sentences with must, mustn't or needn't.

1. We haven't got much time. We must hurry.

2. We've got plenty of time. We needn’t hurry.

3. We have enough food at home so we___ go shopping today.

4. Jim gave me a letter to post. I___ remember to post it.

5. Jim gave me a letter to post. I___ forget to post it.

6. There's plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You___ decide now.

7. You___ wash those tomatoes. They've already been washed.

8. This is a valuable book. You___ look after it carefully and you___ lose it.

9. 'What sort of house do you want to buy? Something big?' 'Well, it___ be big - that's not important. But it___ have a nice garden - that's essential.'

3. Read the situations and make sentences with needn't have.

1. George went out. He took an umbrella because he thought it was going to rain. But it didn't rain. He needn't have taken an umbrella.

2. Ann bought some eggs when she went shopping. When she got home, she found that she already had plenty of eggs. She___.

3. A friend got angry with you and shouted at you. You think this was unnecessary. Later you say to him/her: You___.

4. Brian had no money, so he sold his car. A few days later he won some money in a lottery. He___.

5. When we went on holiday, we took the camera with us but we didn't use it in the end. We___.

6. I thought I was going to miss my train so I rushed to the station. But the train was late and in the end I had to wait 20 minutes. I_____.

4. Write two sentences for each situation. Use needn't have in the first sentence and could have in the second (as in the example)

 

1. Why did you rush? Why didn't you take your time?

 

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