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Complete the sentences using proper words in the box.





 

unlawful, result, penalty, misdemeanor, law, jurisdictions, a contractual obligation, inference

 

1. In a number of American…, including the United States Government, common law crimes are not recognized.

2. Current information as to what the state commands or forbids is an underlying principle of criminal…

3. No crime can be created by …

4. A statute declaring an act to be … but prescribing no …, does not create a crime.

5. Some states hold that any act which directly injures the public may be punished as a common law …

6. The failure to perform … does not … in criminal culpability.

 

7. Match the synonyms:

 

1) duty a) view
2) previously b) sum
3) government c) just
4) convict d) responsibility
5) fundamental e) sentence
6) consider f) underlying
7) every g) hurt
8) amount h) administration
9) make i) before
10) peril j) each
11) injure k) endanger
12) fair l) create
13) illegal m) demand
14) require n) take place
15) occur o) usual
16) ordinary p) degree
17) extent q) unlawful

 

8. Match the antonyms:

 

1) legal a) right
2) wrong b) unlawful
3) contemptuous c) approximate
4) person d) command
5) act e) criminal
6) small f) respectful
7) moral g) public
8) allow h) omission
9) success i) large
10) implied j) immoral
11) order k) disorder
12) victim l) explicit
13) forbid m) failure
14) exact n) forbid

 

 

 

Comprehension

 

 

Answer the questions.

 

1. How can a crime be defined?

2. What is the difference between an act and an omission?

3. Why are they sometimes equally punishable?

4. Does the failure to perform a contractual obligation result in criminal culpability?



5. What must an unlawful act or omission be to constitute a crime?

6. What is an underlying principle of criminal law?

Say if the following statements are true or false.

Comment on the true statements and correct the false ones.

 

1. A public law may forbid both omissions and acts

2. An omission viewed as “victimless” cannot be considered a wrong against society.

3. To be convicted of a crime the guilt of an accused of the crime need not be proved.

4. The failure to perform a contractual obligation results in criminal culpability.

5. The breach of a legal duty never results in criminal culpability.

6. Sometimes an act may be considered a common law offense although that act is not forbidden by statute.

7. An act or omission cannot constitute a crime unless they are annexed with a certain punishment.

8. When applied, provision for imprisonment in a statute automatically makes an act criminal in nature.

9. Fundamental fairness requires that an accused should be held criminally responsible for the conduct which cannot reasonably be understood to be proscribed.

10. Prescribing a punishment for an act does not prohibit it.

Discussion

 

11. Define what the crime is. Use the following words and phrases:

 

- act;

- omission;

- to violate a public law;

- to be injurious to the victim;

- judicial proceeding;

- to punish;

- to be “victimless”;

- to be a wrong against society.

Divide the text into logical parts and entitle each of them.

13. Work in pairs:

a) Look at the following words and phrases and think of a story that might combine them all. You may reorder them in any way you want to using any form of the verb:

 

- many American jurisdictions;

- they constituted a common law crime;



- it also had hurtful and immoral tendencies;

- they may not be punished;

- this result often occurs;

- it tends to injure;

- it required state interference;

- it only was punished as a misdemeanor.

 

B) When you have decided upon the story, tell it to your partner. Then listen to that of your partner. Ask each other as many questions as you can to learn further details or clarify some points.

Give a summary of the text.

Speak individually or arrange a discussion on the following.

· Even omissions sometimes constitute a crime.

· Sometimes the common law crimes are not recognized.

Case study

Scrutinize the situation and provide detailed and motivated answers to the questions given below.

Identify key points in the article and extract information from it to pass on to somebody else.

 


CANADA GOES TO POT

Vancouver

 

Back in the 1920s, when the United States had Prohibition, quite a few Ca­nadians grew rich running booze over the border to intoxicate their neighbours. Now they are trying their luck with marijuana. Over the past decade, British Columbia, a Canadian province, has earned a reputation for growing the most potent marijuana in North America. The drug is said to be the province's most lucrative export crop, worth an estimated C$2 billion ($1.4 billion) a year.

Given British Columbia's cool soggy climate, this may seem odd: the strongest cannabis generally comes from tropical countries, such as Jamaica. No longer. The sophisticated growers of British Columbia use plant genetics to achieve higher yields and potency. Whereas Jamaica's strongest ganja contains 12% tetrahydrocannabinol, the compound that produces a “high”, the new stuff from British Columbia has, on average, 15-20%. This has made “BC bud” America's pot of choice.

The incentive to export is great. A pound of pot can fetch about $6,000 in Cal­ifornia, up to twice what it fetches in Can­ada. So British Columbia's cannabis farm­ers find ingenious ways to smuggle south most of the estimated 800 tonnes they grow each year. The United States border patrol reckons that dope-smuggling has soared tenfold in the past two years alone.

Another reason for this booming ex­port business, grumble the Canadian and American police, is the leniency of British Columbia's courts. Plenty of people are prosecuted: the police laid 2,329charges for growing and trafficking marijuana in 1997, and have stepped up their efforts since. But, according to the Vancouver Sun, only one in five of those convicted of growing marijuana in Vancouver over the past three years received a jail sentence. One in four served no time in jail, and paid no fine; and 58% received a fine that averaged less than C$2,700. The average pot grower, who pockets C$150,000 – 250,000 per crop, treats such light fines, complains one Canadian policeman, “simply as the cost of doing business—a business licence”.



Nor do locals seem much bothered. Marijuana is still considered by many to be a relatively harmless drug grown by ageing hippies with beards and beads. Many British Columbians smoke pot regularly, or have at least tried it. In a recent poll, no less than 63% thought possession of marijuana should be decriminalised, more than in any other Canadian province [14].

 

Questions:

 

1. Why is the incentive to grow and export marijuana is so great among British Columbia's cannabis farm­ers?

2. How do they manage to grow strong cannabis in spite of British Columbia's cool soggy climate?

3. Why are British Columbia's courts so lenient in prosecuting marijuana growers and dope-smugglers?

4. Is trafficking marijuana over the border dangerous for dope-smugglers?

5. Do many marijuana growers receive jail sentences in British Columbia?

6. Why does the average pot grower treat light fines “simply as the cost of doing business—a business licence?”

FROM TIME IMMEMORIAL…

 

 
 

TO WASH ONE’S HANDS (of smth.) – УМЫВАТЬ РУКИ

T

o wash one’s hands means “to refuse all responsibilities for a matter of person”. The phrase comes from the Bible story of the trial of Jesus.

Pontius Pilate, the Roman procurator of Judea, approved of the death sentence announcing that the Judeans, not he himself, insisted on the crucifixion. He said he found no fault in Jesus, but yet yielded to the clamor of the mob for his crucifixion because he could prevent nothing. Then he took water and washed his hands before the multitude, as was the custom, saying that he was innocent of the blood of that just person.

Pilate has since become a symbol of hypocrisy and cruelty.

 

Perhaps Sam’s wife will come and take him. If not, I suppose he’ll have to go to jail. Anyway, it’s got nothing to do with me. I wash my hands of it altogether.

W. Jacobs, Light Freights.

 

“Very well”, John got up from his chair and looked out of the window, “I wash my hands of it. If you and Larry want to fuss over the wretched fellow, do”.

Wilson, Anglo-Saxon Attitudes.

 

What else was there for me to do? You gave me a higher education and washed your hands of me. No opportunities, no openings. I had no alternative. And now you reproach me.

Huxley, Antic Hay.

 

Pronunciation and stress:

Bible [´baibl], Pontius Pilate [´pɔntjǝs ´pailǝt], Jesus [´ʤi:zǝs],

Judea [ʤu:´diǝ], procurator [´prɔkjuǝreitǝ], metaphor [´metǝfǝ], clamor [´klæmǝ].

 

 








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