Тема 7 Safety measures in tourism activities

Aim of lecture:. Explain to students safety in tourism.

Key words: alpine climate, the partial pressure, low barometric pressure

Plan of lecture

1. Security in the classroom tourism

2. Causes of injuries and accidents in tourism

3. Safety system

Ensuring the safety of tourist hikes important task in a complex of measures for the organization, preparation and conduct of the campaign and the prevention of accidents rightfully occupies a leading position among the main sections of the work on tourism.

In sports tourism, the solution of educational, educational, sports and health problems, the effectiveness of which is largely determined by the efficiency of the preparation group for the campaign, primarily aimed at ensuring the safety of tourists. Security along the route provided in the preparatory period all the measures included in the roadmap. In other words, the participants and the preparation and routing work group and a set of measures for the organization and logistics-all campaign is a single set of the success of the campaign and the safety of its participants.

Causes of injuries and accidents in tourism

The value of the real experience of the tourist group, its physical, technical, tactical and psychological preparedness for specific routes to ensure the safety of the campaign is well known. Actually, all routing work primarily reduced to solving one of the fundamental components of the safety of tourists, namely - to ensure its classification. However, shortcomings and imperfections in the prevention of injuries and accidents are still many. This question is perhaps the most acute of all the problematic issues of sports tourism.

Analysis of accidents in tourism makes it possible to classify the following main factors, objective and subjective, determine their causes.

The immediate causes of accidents can be:

avalanches of stones, snow cornices, ice; avalanches;

mudflows;

cracks in glaciers;

fast flowing mountain rivers, rapids, Shiver, ridges, rubble, whirlpools, ice-holes in the rivers, marshes;

low air temperature, wind, solar radiation, precipitation, lightning;

sparseness air at high altitudes;

darkness, lack of visibility;

poisonous animals and plants.

The immediate causes of accidents caused by natural factors, are dangerous especially when the wrong-doing of the participants hike. These actions include:

reset one of the travelers placed stones on the downslope;

cropping of snow during the traverse of the slope, causing an avalanche;

prolonged exposure to high altitudes and the movement in the mountainous area on the snowy slopes without goggles;

the movement of glaciers closed without the organization of insurance;

movement in conditions of poor visibility without saving small intervals;

Finding a place for training sessions on pre unprepared area, on a plot with steep slopes on the river with a very strong current in the avalanche and kamnepadoopasnoy zone;

the use of defective equipment: old ropes, ice axes with cracked the shaft, boats fragile skin;

the lack of reliable, well-organized insurance when crossing mountain streams, tipping the boat, raft on the influx of stone;

explosion of a kerosene stove, overturning dishes with hot food, excessively long exposure to the sun;

eating substandard products or poisonous plants.

The reasons that contribute to the accident, are divided into three groups.

The first group includes the reasons caused by the lack of control on the part of conducting, producing and control organizations to experience and readiness of the group to the route, the quality of cartographic material, equipment, nutrition, health care groups.

The second group includes the reasons caused by the lack of technical, tactical and physical readiness of the participants in the campaign.

The third group shall be assigned: weak psychological, including moral and strong-willed, training participants in the campaign, which manifests itself most clearly in difficult situations and contribute to worsening of emergency in the group; psychological incompatibility between some members of the campaign; weak discipline in a group, the lack of authority of the head of the campaign.

Safety system

A complete solution of the complex task of ensuring the safety of tourist trips is to implement a number of activities - sports and technical, logistical and teaching and educational. The diagram in Fig. 24 allows adequately characterize each of these components.

Sports-technical maintenance of the route is based on the classification of sports and study the route and logistics.

Sports and classification study of the route - a complex task, which includes two main components: classification and tactical.

Classification security of tourists is not only a leading component of the security system in tourism, but also the central issue of the entire system of sports tourism. This position classification of tourist routes quite clearly seen in the diagram of the classification system analysis and programming of safety training. An important result of the analysis of the value of the classification system component in ensuring the safety of hiking trails is the conclusion that the only two components of the considered scheme to independently affect safety: all the others in varying degrees, are associated with classification tasks.

When it comes to security classification, determines the choice of the area and the nature of the route, you need to clearly understand the very real possibility is not enough full compliance with the formal classification group experience a real characteristic of the route. Let us illustrate this with an example.

When the tourist group, for example, from Belarus, has experience ski trips I category of complexity in the Minsk region, makes a request to the route of II category of complexity on the Kola Peninsula, or a group of Moscow students to experience a hike of II category of complexity on the Kola Peninsula said the route of III category of complexity to the Polar Urals, we are dealing with a case of compliance. On the one hand, the group meets the formal requirements of the Regulation, but on the other - in fact - hand, real-compliance is not as climatic conditions, the complexity of topography and, above all, for "meteosyurprizam" that abound in Khibiny tundra area of ​​the Kola Peninsula is much more difficult Belarus and the Moscow region, which finds its reflection is not only a certificate of tourist experience, but also in the classification system. The same can be said about the treeless and often very harsh Polar Urals compared with the mountain taiga of Kola Peninsula.

Solving the problem of classification of security is not only the responsibility of the relevant committees, but in all educational work, in the graft tour with their first steps of high sports-technical culture and creative approach to methodically complex problems of tourist classification, the pursuit of relentless expansion of knowledge, including natural-geographic.

SElf-assessment questions

1. What is acclimatization?

2. Alpine climate and altitude sickness;

3. What are the methods of tourism training;

Recommended books:

1. Tourism Principles and Practice.5th Edition John Fletcher, Alan Fyall, David Gilbert, Stephen Wanhill Jun 2013

2. Introduction to Hospitality: Pearson New International Edition 06th Edition John Walker Aug 2013

3. Thinking through Tourism By Julie ScottBerg, 2010

4. The Business of Tourism 9th Edition Chris Holloway, Claire Humphreys Jun 2012

5. Research Methods for Leisure and Tourism 4th Edition A.J. Veal Mar 2011

6. Essentials of Tourism Chris Cooper Sep 2011

7. Research Methods for Arts and Event Management A.J. Veal, Christine Burton Aug 2014

Тема 8 Prevention measures and medical treatment while doing tourist activities

The purpose of the lecture :. Identify the factors that affect the human body in mountaineering.

Не нашли, что искали? Воспользуйтесь поиском по сайту: