Какие предложения являются верными?

Контрольная работа 1

Вариант 1

Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 4 абзацы. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1 и 2 абзацы.

How to Make Meetings Work?

1. Meetings are an essential part of corporate life. Staff meetings are held on a regular basis. It's an integral part of a corporate culture. A successful and fruitful meeting needs preparation and organization. There's a tendency among employees to resent meetings which they perceive to be a waste of important time. To prevent this from happening, the meeting facilitator must do a little homework. There are three main phases in conducting a business meeting: the preparation phase, the meeting itself and the follow up stage.

2. First of all, a meeting facilitator has to identify the purpose of the meeting. If the purpose is to bring managers together or to make reports, it is probably better not to have any meetings at all. Circulating written memos may turn out to be more effective. Meetings should be about creativity, problem solving, and decision making. Nowadays too many meetings are spent sharing information that can be better communicated in other ways. Every meeting should produce decisions and action plans. It is very important to brief attendees on the aims of the meeting. This gives people a chance to think over the issues and develop their ideas.

3. If the purpose of the meeting is to share urgent information with everyone, the number of participants can be quite large. But for intense interaction and group problem solving, a limited number of people (5 to 8) works best. In most cases, the fewer people the better, because the shortest way to kill creativity is to include too many people in the meeting.

4. In the end of the meeting the facilitator should ask the participants the following questions:

What was the most important thing accomplished in the meeting?

What needs to happen next?

Who is taking care of what, and by what date?

During the follow up stage the recorder, the person who makes notes during the discussion, quickly drafts a meeting summary and reviews it with group members.

This summary should be sent to participants within a day or two of the meeting.

2. Ответьте письменно на вопросы после текста.

1) What are the main phases in conducting a business meeting?

2) How many purposes are there in the meetings?

3) What should the facilitator do at the end of the meeting?

Какие предложения являются верными?

1) A successful and fruitful meeting needs preparation and organization.

2) The meeting facilitator must not do a little homework.

3) There are three main phases in conducting a business meeting.

4) It is not important to brief attendees on the aims of the meeting.

Дополните предложения.

1) The _________ of the meeting is to share urgent information with everyone.

2) Meetings should be about creativity, problem ______, and decision making.

3) There are three main phases in conducting a business meeting: the _________ phase, the meeting itself and the follow up stage.

4) The shortest way to kill ________ is to include too many people in the meeting.

5. Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык:

цель встречи, участник встречи, принимать решение, подготовка и организация, обмениваться информацией.

Вариант 2

Forms and methods of international trade

1. International trade is performed in several forms. The most important form is direct commercial import-export operations with deliveries paid in hard currency. Still, 25-30% of international trade accounts for barter and countertrade, with deliveries paid by goods. Such payment is usually initiated by the importer which does not have hard currency to pay for the goods.

Barter is a trade in which merchandise is exchanged directly for other goods without the use of money. It is a characteristic of quite primitive economies.

2. Countertrade transactions are more complex and difficult to arrange. They began in the 1950s and are mainly carried out with developing countries and in Eastern Europe. Their currencies are not freely convertible and they do not possess enough hard currency to make the essential purchases necessary for economic development. The transaction may include the exchange of some currency as well as goods. For example, the contract may stipulate that the seller be paid in hard currency provided that the seller agrees to find markets for specified products (often cash crops) from the buyer's country.

3. Usually only large corporations can set up such deals but they are one way of doing business with countries that have high foreign trade deficits, a large debt problem and small reserves of foreign currencies.

4. Another form of countertrade is the buyback arrangement. One party supplies the technology or equipment that allows the other to produce goods. The sale of these goods provides the money to repay the supplier.

Goods can be sold to a foreign consumer as a result of direct transactions with the exporter and through middle-men that are dealers, distributors, commissioners, consignors, agents. A great part of sales of mass raw materials and products is done at international commodity exchanges.

2. Ответьте письменно на вопросы после текста.

1) What is the most important form of international trade?

2) Where are the countertrade transactions carried out?

3) What may the transaction include?

Какие предложения являются верными?

1) International trade is performed in several forms.

2) Countertrade transactions are easy to arrange.

3) Another form of countertrade is the buyback arrangement.

4) Goods can be sold to a local consumer.

Дополните предложения.

1) The most important form of international trade is direct commercial import-export __________.

2) Barter is a trade in which __________ is exchanged directly for other goods without the use of money.

3) Countertrade ___________ began in the 1950s and are mainly carried out with developing countries and in Eastern Europe.

4) Goods can be sold to a foreign consumer as a result of direct transactions with the ___________.

5. Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык:

международная торговля, оплачивать товары, твердая валюта, иностранный потребитель, сырье.

Вариант 3

Contracts

1. The Contract is a business agreement between two parties which buy or sell goods or services. Contracts are concluded either between companies in one country or internationally, that is between companies from different countries.

The Contract has the following clauses or articles:

- Naming (definition) of the parties and their legal addresses.

- The subject of the Contract that is what goods or services will be bought or sold and the volume of delivery.

- Prices and the total value (amount) of the Contract including terms of delivery.

2. The price stated in the Contract may be firm, fixed or sliding. Firm prices can not be changed in the course of the Contract performance. Fixed price is the price in the market on the day of delivery or for a given period. Sliding prices can be for machinery and equipment which require a long period of delivery.

- Time (dates of delivery) is shown in the Contract too.

- Terms of delivery. The most usual terms of delivery are FOB, CIF, C & F.

- The Contract also specifies packing, marking and terms of payment.

3. Payment in foreign trade may be made in cash and on credit. The most widely used method is payment by letter of credit (L/C). The following types of L/C are usually used: irrevocable, confirmed, and revolving. An irrevocable L/C can not be modified or cancelled without the consent of the party in whose favour it has been opened. A confirmed L/C is an irrevocable L/C, payment under which is guaranteed by a first class bank. A revolving L/C is one under which its value is constantly made up to a given limit after payment for each shipment.

4. The Contract also includes terms of insurance (if any) and a force majeure clause. It usually includes natural disasters such as an earthquake, flood, fire, etc. which the parties can't control. It is also specified in the Contract in what ways disputes are solved. All the clauses of the Contract have numbers, and in the negotiations or correspondence one can refer to the specific clause or sub-clause.

The international Contract is usually written in two languages, one copy for each party.

2. Ответьте письменно на вопросы после текста.

1) What is the contract?

2) How may the payment be made in foreign trade?

3) What terms does the contract include?

Какие предложения являются верными?

1) Contracts are concluded either between companies in one country or internationally.

2) Firm prices can be changed in the course of the Contract performance.

3) Payment in foreign trade may be made in cash and on credit.

4) The international Contract is usually written in one language.

Дополните предложения.

1) The Contract is a business _________ between two parties which buy or sell goods or services.

2) The _________ of the Contract is what goods or services will be bought or sold and the volume of delivery.

3) The _________ stated in the Contract may be firm, fixed or sliding.

4) Force majeure clause usually _______ natural disasters such as an earthquake, flood, fire, etc. which the parties can't control.

5. Переведите следующие словосочетания на английский язык:

условия поставки, объем поставки, фиксированная цена, способ оплаты, условия страхования.

Вариант 4

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