There is still hope for a two-state solution for Israelis and Palestinians

We believers in the two-state solution are told it’s too late already.
But what justice demands, time will eventually bring

The guardian.com, 23 October, 2014 by Ouden Basharat

What do people say when visiting a sick person and wanting to be optimistic? “We wanted to bring encouragement and came away encouraged.” That is the way it was for me, a Palestinian citizen of Israel, after a tour of the occupied territories organised by the Geneva Initiative for Haaretz staffers. The truth is that I did not go there to encourage others, but rather to mourn for the bisected homeland, for the state that died before it was born, for the two-state solution that is disappearing. My mood was like that of the poet Abdelrahim Mahmud, who asked King Abdel-Aziz after the latter’s visit to al-Aqsa mosque in 1935: “Did you come to visit al-Aqsa … or, before it is lost, to bid farewell.”

And how amazing! I had only just finished the visit and all the bleak prophecies vanished. Colonel Shaul Arieli (retired), who accompanied us on the tour, toppled all the apocalyptic theses with his well-informed narration. According to Arieli, 87% of the settlers over the 1967 borders are living in “blocs” in about 6% of the West Bank, and the Palestinians agree to exchange 2% of these areas for other areas. Some people say they will agree to exchange more if they are offered something fair. The rest of the settlers are living in areas where there is no choice but to evacuate them, and many of them will agree to leave for proper compensation.

On East Jerusalem, it turns out there is no mixture of Palestinians and Jews. If we return to the Clinton plan, the borders of the Jewish and Arab neighbourhoods can be outlined and thus determine the way the city will be managed. The attempts of the right wing to plant enclaves in Arab neighbourhoods have been an utter failure. In 1948 the Palestinian communists paid a heavy price for their support of the partition plan. But over the years, their status rose because they were the ones who understood the magnitude of the forces arranged against the Palestinian people. The principle of two states for two peoples went through many transformations, until the world recognised it as the only solution that will bring peace and justice. Today as well, good people are turning back the clock, claiming that Israel has already destroyed the two-state solution by continuing to build in the settlements.

Unfortunately, these good people have lost hope in light of the smokescreen put up by housing and construction minister Uri Ariel and his friends, in the form of isolated settlements. But despite these efforts and tricks, the road is long – if there even is one – to dissecting the West Bank. What is more, history teaches that only what is right survives. Early in the last century, a tsarist officer asked Lenin: “You know, young man, that there is a wall in front of you?” And Lenin answered: “Indeed that is a wall, but it is cracked, and it will collapse at the mere flick of a finger.” Seventy-five years later, despite the power of the Soviet Union that Lenin founded, the communist empire crumbled. This, it may be asserted, will be the fate of the occupation, precisely in an era when empires are dying.

Currently it is the fashion to present us, the supporters of a two-state solution, as archaeological artifacts whose time has passed. Thus, to the supporters of the one-state solution, we will say that this state has already existed for a long time. And if the Arabs, citizens of the lesser Israel who are considered to have equal rights, are shamelessly discriminated against in all areas of life, what will be the fate of the inhabitants of the Balata refugee camp in the greater Israel?

The situation is not easy, but that is no reason to abandon the principle of justice. Moreover, we are already in the last 15 minutes: even Britain is fed up with the occupation, while Netanyahu is rolling along from crisis to crisis. Someone once asked the poet Antar Ibn Shaddad, the bravest of the brave, the meaning of courage. He replied that courage meant holding on for one more hour. The Palestinian people have no choice but to hold on. And Tawfiq Ziad and Emile Habibi quoted from Psalms at the time: “The stone that the builders rejected has become the chief cornerstone.” (Psalm 118:22) The stone is the two-state solution. Even if it is cast into the depths of the sea, it will float. Without it there will be no peace.

MODULE II

ARMS CONTROL

DISARMAMENT

Lead in:

Why is it important to have some knowledge about arms control today?

What countries possess nuclear arms?

What countries are considered to be a threat for the international community?

Exercise 1.

Read the text “Arms Control” and be ready to discuss it.

Arms Control

Arms control is a term for restriction upon the development, production, stockpiling, proliferation and usage of weapons, especially weapons of mass destruction. Arms control is exercised through the use of diplomacy which seeks to impose limitations upon consenting participants through international treaties and agreements.

Arms control treaties and agreements are often seen as a way to avoid costly arms race. Some are used as ways to stop the spread of certain military technologies, others limit the damage done by warfare, especially to civilians and the environment.

Enforcement of arms control agreements has proven difficult over time. Most agreements rely on the desire of the participants to abide by the terms to remain effective. Arms control is meant to break the security dilemma. It aims at mutual security between partners and overall stability. Most recent arms control treaties have included terms on enforcement of violations as well as verification. Verification is the process of determining whether or not a nation is complying with the terms of an agreement.

Nations may remain in a treaty while seeking to break the limits of that treaty as opposed to simply withdrawing from it.

Topical vocabulary:

Exercise 2.

Give the Russian equivalents of the following words and phrases.

Arms control, weapons of mass destruction, to be exercised through, the use of diplomacy, international treaties and agreements, arms race, military technologies, overall stability.

Exercise 3.

Give the English equivalents of the following words and phrases.

Вводить ограничения, производство оружия массового поражения, контроль за вооружением, не допускать (избегать) гонки вооружения, военные разработки, гражданское население, окружающая среда, стабильность, взаимная безопасность, контроль

Exercise 4.

Fill in the gaps using the words from the following(damage, spread, mutual security, violation and verification, overall stability, partners, arms race, the security dilemma, arms control, the use of diplomacy, participants, warfare, enforcement ) and translate the sentences.

1. Arms control treaties are used as ways to stop the …… of military technologies.

2. They limit the … …done by warfare.

3. Arms control aims at …….. between partners.

4. Arms control treaties have included terms on enforcement of … ..

5. Arms control treaties and agreements are often seen as a way to avoid costly…..

6. Arms control is meant to break……

7. ………. is meant to break the security dilemma.

8. Arms control aims at mutual security between … and …

9. Arms control is exercised through……..

10. Most agreements rely on the desire of the ……… to abide by the terms to remain effective.

11. Some treaties limit the damage done by …,…. especially to civilians and the environment.

12. ……… of arms control agreements has proven difficult over time.

Exercise 5.

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