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VARIOUS SERVICES OF BANKS





Banker’s services cover an enormous range of activities today.

A full list would include:

1. Current account services

They are extended to anyone whom banks regard as reliable. A new depositor should be recommended by his employer or should present a reference. If this proves satisfactory the bank will accept a deposit from him which will be entered in his current account.

A cheque book will then be issued free of charge. Once the customer has received his cheque book he may use the cheques to order the banker to pay our sums of money from his current account. Money is being paid into and paid out of the account as often as the customer finds convenient.

2. Deposit account services

Companies and individuals can deposit cash funds that are not needed at present. They need it or after a certain period in case of time deposit.

3. Savings account services

It enables small savers to put money away for particular purposes, for example, for holidays.

4. Other services:

– foreign exchange;

– foreign exchange transactions;

– services in foreign trade payments;

– granting loans;

– services in investment management;

– safe custody;

– economic information;

1. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. Whom are current account services extended to?

2. When is a cheque book issued?

3. What cash funds are deposited by companies and individuals?

4. What taxes are paid by employees?

5. What is P.45?

2. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты слов и выражений профессионально-ориентированной лексики:

Банковские услуги, услуги по расчетным счетам, надежный, новый вкладчик, предоставить рекомендацию, принять вклад, чековая книга, выдается бесплатно, оплатить со счета, услуги по депозитным счетам, денежные средства, откладывать деньги на конкретные цели, обмен иностранной валюты, сделки в иностранной валюте, выдача ссуд, ответственное хранение.



3. Расскажите, используя профессионально-орентированную лексику, что говорится в тексте о:

Current account services, deposit account services, savings account services.

РАЗДЕЛ 8. Международная торговля

UNIT 8. Foreign trade

Text 29.

Прочтите Tекст 29 и выполните задания после текста.

BASIC TERMS IN FOREIGN TRADE

Countries buy and sell various goods as well as various services. Goods bought from abroad, such as food, cars, machines, medicines, books and many others, are called visible imports. Goods sold abroad are called visible exports.

Services, such as insurance, freight, tourism, technical expertise and others, are called invisible imports and invisible exports. The total amount of money a country, makes including money from visible and invisible exports, for a certain period of time, usually for a year, is Gross National Product, or GNP.

The difference between a country’s total earnings or GNP, and its total expenditure is called its balance of payments.

The difference between what a country receives for its visible exports and what it pays for its visible imports is its balance of trade. If a country sells more goods than it buys, it will have a surplus. If a country buys more than it sells, it will have а deficit.

In the 19th century Britain dominated international trade, accounting for about one-third of world’s exports. Early in the 20th century its position changed. The volume of world's exports increased but the percentage of British exports in world trade declined significantly.



The United Kingdom's principal exports are vehicles, machinery, manufactured goods and textiles. Her main exports are food staffs and most of the raw materials for industry. Britain imports half the food it needs. The earnings from foreign tourism are one of Britain’s important industries.

1. Выберите правильный вариант слова в скобках:

1. Goods sold to other countries are (visible, invisible) exports.

2. Services sold to other countries are invisible (imports, exports).

3. The difference between total earnings of a country and its total expenditure is called its balance of (payments, trade).

4. The difference between a country’s GNP and its total expenditure is called its balance of (payments, trade).

5. If a country sells more goods than it buys it will have a (deficit, surplus).

2. Закончите предложение в соответствии с текстом:

If a country buys more goods than it sells it will have a … .

Gross National Product is the total amount … .

Gross Domestic product is … .

Invisible exports and import are … .

A country’s trade balance is … .

3. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. What is called visible exports?

2. What is called invisible exports?

3. How is balance of payments calculated?

4. What goods does Britain export?

5.What goods does the United Kingdom import?

4. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты слов и выражений профессионально-ориентированной лексики:

Различные товары и услуги, товары, купленные за рубежом, лекарства, экспорт товаров, невидимый импорт, общая сумма денег, валовой национальный продукт, общие расходы, платежный баланс, излишек, дефицит, объем мирового экспорта, сырье, промышленные товары, продовольственные товары.

Text 30.

Прочтите Tекст 30 и выполните задания после текста.

THE EUROPEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY

The European Economic Community, or the Common Market, or the EEC was established in 1957. The original six member countries of the Community were France, West Germany, Belgium, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Then a few other countries joined the Community. Britain, together with the Irish Republic and Denmark, joined the E.E.C. on 1st January, 1973.



Now the Community forms an enormous trading area of almost 250 million people, and accounts for two fifths of the world's trade. Today's Community (it's usually called the EC now, not the EEC) works hard to promote European business, industry and free trade. It's not just an economic organization. These days, EC decisions and laws affect almost every aspect of life in the member countries, including education, employment, energy, environment, foreign aid, human rights, the law, medical and scientific research, transport.

The membership allows imports to enter member countries either free of duty or at lower customs duties.

All member countries contribute to a common budget for certain purposes, based on relative total output of goods and services, or gross national product.

Under the Community regulations, people of member countries may freely enter another member state to travel or to work there.

The Community has the following institutions:

• The European Parliament embers of the European Parliament (MEPs) are directly elected every five years by voters in their own countries. There are 518 of them. France, Britain, Germany and Italy have 81 each, Spain has 60

• The Council of Ministers consists of government ministers from all member countries who meet regularly to talk about Community business.

• The Court of Justice

The headquarters of the European Economic Community are located in Brussels, Belgium.

 

1. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту:

1. When was the E.E.C. established?

2. What countries established the E.E.C.?

3. How many people live in the E.E.C.?

4. What privileges do E.E.C. citizens have, coming to those countries?

5. Where are the E.E.C. headquarters?

2. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты слов и выражений профессионально-ориентированной лексики:

Европейское экономическое сообщество, "Общий рынок", страны-члены, вступить в ЕЕС, продвигать Европейский бизнес, затрагивать почти каждый аспект жизни, образование, энергетика, окружающая среда, права человека, научные исследования, без пошлины, по более низким таможенным пошлинам, суммарный выпуск товаров и услуг, валовой национальный продукт.

3. Расскажите, используя профессионально-орентированную лексику, что говорится в тексте о:

- Member countries of the Community;

- Trading area of the Community;

- EC decisions;

- EC institutions.

Text 31.

Прочтите Tекст 31 и напишите 8 вопросов к тексту.

WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION

World Trade Organization (Всемирная торговая организация) is the successor of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It was established on 1 January, 1995, and is the legal (законодательный) and institutional (институционный) basis of the world trading system.

The essential functions of the WTO are:

· execution of trade agreements;

· acting as a forum for multilateral trade negotiations;

· seeking to resolve trade disputes;

· overseeing (осуществлять надзор) national trade policies;

· cooperating with other international institutions involved in global economic policy-making.

Members are to grant to the products of other members no less favourable treatment (не менее благоприятный режим) than to the products of any other country. Tariffs or customs duties are legal in the WTO.

The WTO Agreement on agriculture is designed to provide increased fairness (справедливость) in farm trade. The WTO Agreement on intellectual property will improve conditions of competition. WTO encourages industrialized countries to assist trade of developing nations.

 

The WTO authorities are:

· the Ministerial Conference (министерская конференция) (было проведено 7 конференций)

· the General Council (Генеральный Совет)

There are three Councils in WTO:

· for Trade in Goods (Cовет по товарной торговле)

· for Trade in Services (Cовет по торговле услугами)

· for Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (Cовет по вопросам торговых аспектов прав интеллектуальной собственности)

There are four Committees in WTO:

· on Trade and Development

· on Balance of Payments

· on Trade and Environment

· on Budget, Finance and Administration

The Secretariat is located in Geneva.

___________________________________________

* General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) (Генеральное соглашение по тарифам и торговле, заключено в 1947 году, после войны, с целью восстановления экономики. Основная цель – снижение тарифов в торговле)

 








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