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Prove that London is the city contrasts. What do you know about the capital of Russia and its places of interest?





About myself. My family

 

I am Alex Petrov .Alex is my first name and Petrov is my surname. I’m seventeen years old. I want to tell you a few words about my family .My family is large. I have got a mother, a father, a sister a brother and a grandmother. There are six of us in the family. First of all, some words about my parents. My mother is a teacher of Biology. She works in a college. She likes her profession. She is a good-looking woman with brown hair. She is forty-four, but she looks much younger. She is tall and slim.

My father is a computer programmer. He is a very experienced. He is a broad-shouldered tall man with fair hair and grey eyes. He is forty-six .My father often sings, when he is at home and has some free time. I play the guitar and we sing together .My father knows all about new radio sets and he likes to repair old ones. He is also handy with many things. He can fix almost everything: a vacuum cleaner, a washing machine, a fridge and what not. He's got a few shelves where he keeps everything he needs .On the table there is always a radio in pieces.

My parents have been married for twenty-six years. They have much in common but they have different views on music, books, films, and sports. For example, my father likes horror films and my mother likes "soap operas". My mother doesn't go in for sports. But my parents have the same opinion about my education and upbringing.

My parents are hardworking people. My mother keeps house and takes care of my father and me. She is very good at cooking and she is clever with her hands. She is very practical. My father and I try to help her with the housework. I wash the dishes, go shopping and tidy our flat.

My grandmother is a pensioner. She lives with us and helps to run the house .She is fond of knitting.

My sister Helen is twenty-five .She is married and has a family of her own .She works as an accountant in a joint venture company .Her husband is a scientist . They have got twins: a daughter and a son .They go to a nursery school. My brother Boris is eleven. He is a schoolboy. He wants to become a doctor but he is not sure yet. Three months ago he dreamed of being a cosmonaut.



Answer the following questions:

1. How old are you?

2. What do you do?

3. Is your family large?

4. What does your mother (father) do?

5. Is she (he) fond of her (his) work?

6. Have you got any brother (sister)?

?. What is your hobby? Do you like sport?

8. Are you sociable?

9. Do you have many friends? What are they?

 

Speak on:

1. Imagine you are having a big party. Introduce all the members of your family to the quests.

2. Can you imagine what your mother tells her friends about you? Can you speak about yourself as if you were your mother?

3. Say whether you are for large or small families. Give examples to support your opinion.

Topic 2. Working day.

I am an early riser. I usually get up at 6 o'clock. When I wake up I switch on my tape -recorder and do my morning exercises. Then I wash, dress, do my bed and have breakfast. Usually my mother makes breakfast for me, but when she is away on business I make breakfast myself. For breakfast I have a cup of tea or coffee and some sandwiches, as a rule.

After breakfast I wash dishes and clean the table. Then I hurry to the institute. I leave home at a quarter past seven. I usually go to the institute by bus. The bus stop is not far from our house .It takes me 40 minutes to get to the institute.

I am never late. I always come to the institute in time .Our classes begin at 8 o'clock .According to the timetable, we study six hours a day .We usually have two lectures and one seminar or practical . Each class is an hour and a half long. Between classes we have short breaks .At twelve we have the lunch break. At the lectures we listen to the lecturer attentively and make notes. At the seminars we discuss problems and answer the questions of the teachers holding seminars.



As for English classes, I like them very much. It is universally known that to know English as well as other languages is extremely important nowadays. During our English class we read and translate text, speak English, learn grammar rules and do exercises.

Classes are over at four p.m. If I have no meeting I go home. Sometimes I stay at the Institute if 1 have some social work to do. I am a member of a Students Scientific Society.

After classes I usually walk home. I like to walk after a busy day at the Institute .When I come home I have dinner and a short rest. Then I prepare my home assignments. It usually takes me three hours. In the evening I read books or watch TV. If I have time, I go to see my friends . At eleven o'clock I go to bed.

Vocabulary .

To get up (got, got) вставить .

To wake up (woke ,woken) просыпаться .

To wash up = to wash dishes мыть посуду .

To do the bed заправлять постель .

To have breakfast (lunch ,dirmer) завтракать ( обедать ужинать).

To go to see somebody навещать кого-либо .

To go to bed ложиться спать .

To go by bus (trolley-bus , tram) ехать на автобусе .

To be over заканчиваться .

To leave home (left, left) уходить из дома .

To come / arrive home приходить, приезжать.

It takes me (him, her , them , us) мне требуется.

To hold (held . held) a seminar вести .проводить семинар .

To get to the institute добраться до института.

To get ( good marks , higher

education) получать.

Answer the following questions to the text about Helen Petrova’s working day:

1. When does she usually get up ?

2. What does she usually do in the morning ?What does she usually have for breakfast ?

3. When does she leave home in the morning ?

4. How does she get to the institute ?

5. How long does it take her to get there ?

6. When do her classes usually begin ? When are they over ?

7. How many classes does she have every day ?

8. What does she do at the lectures, seminars and her English classes ?

9. What does she usually do in the evening ?

Ask similar questions to each other. Speak on:

1. Describe your most unusual day at work (faculty). Say how the day started and ended then.

2. For many people a working day is a series of routine actions, isn't it? Interview your partner on what he likes to do during the working day and what he hates doing .

3. You like evenings at home better than mornings . Say why .

4. You don't like public transport .But you have no car and you have to travel to and from work on public transport .Say how you get to work and back home .



Text 2 . An Englishman's day.

It begins when he sits down to breakfast with his morning paper .After breakfast except on Sundays and Saturdays which are holidays, he goes towork by train , tube , bus , car , motor bike or even on his own two feet.

At midday everything stops for lunch. Most offices and small shops close for an hour, say from 1to 2, and many people hurry to cafes. Factory workers usually eat at their canteens.

Theusual midday meal consists of two courses - a meat course with plenty of vegetables, then a sweet dish , perhaps fruit pudding with tea or coffee.

Thenback to work again, with another break in the middle of the afternoon for tea or coffee, sometimes with a cake or biscuit.

The working day finishes at time between 4 and 6. On arrival home many Englishmen like to inspect their gardens before their evening meal .usually a meat course and thena cake or tea. When this meal is over the Englisliman can do a little gardening and then have a walk to the nearest beer house .There is a lot of company there and he can play dominoes, billiards or discuss the weather or the current situation.

But if the Englishman stays at home, he can listen to the, radio, watch TV, talk ,read or enjoy his favourite hobby.

Then between 10 and 12 he will have a drink and a snack and then he goes to bed to be ready for tomorrow.

Ask each other all sorts of questions to the text "An Englishman's day" and render it using the underlined words.

Topic 3. My day off.

Most people work five days a week, but students and pupils work six days. They have only one day off. It is Sunday.

1 like this day very much. Youneedn't hurry anywhere and you may go wherever you like after your week's work .On this day I wake up later than usual. But sometimes I don’t get up till 9 or 10 o'clock. I read morning newspapers or listen to music.

As soon as I get up, I air the room, make my bed and do morning exercises. Then I have breakfast, clear away the dishes and wash up .Two more hours or getting ready with my homework, and I'm free.

In fine weather we like to be out of town. We find a nice place somewhere in the forest or on the bank of the river, we lie in the sun/ play different games and swim .

I'm fond of music and I like to go to the concerts. I take a special liking to the music of the Russian composers and I try not to miss solo concerts or symphonic orchestras by our famous conductors. I like piano concerts, especially Chopin's waltzes. I like the violin too. My sister has a good ear for music; she goes to school for violin lessons. She accompanies me all the time when I go to the conservatoire or to the concert hall .We enjoy music very much.

But sometimes we go to the cinema. On the way home we usually discuss the films we've seen, if the members of our family get together.

We have our supper, make plans for tomorrow, watch TV or read books .Sometimes we receive guests at our place or go for a walk. I enjoy my days off very much.

Vocabulary.

Day off выходной день .

Discuss обсуждать.

Enjoy наслаждаться.

Conductor композитор.

A good ear for music музыкальный слух .

Speak about your days off ( Sunday) .You may need these words and phrases :

To go for a walk

To walk / go on foot

To stay at home

To go out for dinner /discotheque

To spend a lot of time (doing something)

Occasionally - from time to time

Answer the following questions:

1. How many days - off a week do you have as a rule? What are they?

2. Do you spend your weekends with your family?

3. Do you often visit your friends? Do you like to invite them to your place?

4. What is your favourite pastime?

5. What do you like to do when there is nobody around?
Act out the following situation :

You say that the best way of spending a weekend is sleeping later than usual, reading books . watching TV or at least going to the cinema . Your colleague says he completely disagrees with you there . He is fond of sports and travelling in general.

Topic 4. My flat.

We live in a new 5-storeyed block of flats in the south - west of the town . It's situated in a very picturesque place not far the Kama River.

There's a big supermarket on the ground floor and it's very convenient to do everyday shopping.

Our flat is on the fifth floor. It's very comfortable and well - planned .We have all modern conveniences, such as central heating. electricity, gas. cold and hot running water and a telephone. There are three rooms, a kitchen, a bathroom and a hall in our flat. There's also a balcony and we can enjoy a lovely view of the river.

The largest room in our flat is the living room and we use it as a dining room and as a sitting room. In the middle of the room there is a big table and six chairs round it. Opposite the window there is a wall unit with lots of books ,a TV-set and a video cassette recorder .There are two comfortable armchairs and a small coffee table in the right hand corner. There is also a sofa and an electric fire in our living room. We like the living room best of all because in the evenings we gather there to have tea, watch TV, talk and rest.

My room is the smallest room in our flat, but it is very cosy and light .There is a bed, a wardrobe, a desk, an armchair and several bookshelves in my room. There is a thick carpet on the floor. The walls in my room are light - brown and there are some posters on them. I like my room very much, but from time to time I change it round . I quite often move the bed and change the posters on the wall.

Our kitchen is large and light. It is very well-equipped. We have got a refrigerator, a freezer, a microwave oven, a coffeemaker and a toaster.

We haven't got a dish washing machine yet, because it is very expensive. But I'm sure we shall buy it in the future.

Vocabulary

5-storeyed block of flats 5-этажный многоквартирный дом.

picturesque живописный.

convenient удобный , подходящий .

comfortable комфортабельный , удобный .

well- planned хорошо спланированный.

modern conveniences современные удобства .

a wall unit стенка .

well - equipped хорошо оборудованный .

Answer the following questions:

1. What floor is your flat on?

2. Is it large or small? How many rooms are there in it

3. Is it a new block of flats?

4. Is it well - furnished?

5. Is your living-room comfortable? How is it furnished?

6. What furniture is there in your bedroom?

7. Have you a separate room?

8. What is the kitchen like? Is it convenient?

9. Have you a telephone in your flat?

Make up a dialogue .

l.You prefer to have a nice flat in the centre of the city , your friend

prefers a house in the country Give reasons for and against each .

2. You are going to move to a different residential area .You have several

offers .You are discussing flats with various people who are phoning you.

Each side is interested in every detail of the other side.

Speak on:

1. Give your idea of an ideal flat (house) for yourself ?

2.Give your idea of a comfortably furnished flat (house)?

Topic 6. Hobbies .

Hobbies differ like tastes. If you have chosen a hobby according to your character and taste you are lucky because your life becomes more interesting. Hobbies are divided into four classes: doing things, making things, collecting things, and learning things.

The most popular of all hobby groups is doing things .It includes a wide variety of activities, everything from gardening to travelling and from chess to volleyball.

Gardening is one of the oldest of man's hobbies .It is a well-known fact that the English are very fond of gardening and growing flowers, especially roses. Both grown-ups and children are fond of playing different computer games. This is a relatively new hobby but it is becoming more and more popular.

Making things includes drawing, painting, making sculpture, designing costumes, handicrafts. Two of the most famous hobby painters were President Eisenhower and Sir Winston Churchill. Some hobbyists write music or play musical instruments. President Bill Clinton, for example, plays the saxophone.

Almost everyone collects something at some period in his life; stamps , coins, matchboxes, books , records .watches .Some collections have no real value . Others become so large and so valuable that they are housed in museums and galleries .Many world- famous collections started in a small way with one or two items .People with a good deal of money often collect paintings, rare books and other art objects .Often such private collections are given to museums, libraries and public galleries so that other might take pleasure in seeing them.

No matter what kind of hobby a person has, he always has the opportunity of learning from it. By reading about the things he is interested in, he is adding to what he knows . Learning things can be the most exciting aspects of a hobby.

 

Speak on :

a) Your hobby;

b) Your friend's hobby.

Topic 7. Kazan.

Kazan is one of the oldest cities on the Volga river, the capital of the. Tatar Republic, a city of more than one million, people. It is situated on the left bank of the great Russian river Volga . The city's area is 300 sq. kms.

"The first mention of Kazan dates back to the 12th century. It. was founded in 1177 by Bulgars the ancestors of theMari and Tatar people . The_city_is the geographical and historical centre of the Volga region. The Kazan Kremlin is the historical heart of the city. Its construction began in the 16h century and the town grew and developed with it during the centuries. The Spasskya Tower and the famous falling Syumbike Tower are the architectural symbols of Kazan .There is the city's largest stadium , the Palace of Sports and the unique building of the Kazan Circus .

Kazan has always been an acknowledged centre of science and culture.

The Kazan University (the third in Russia) was founded in 1804.The first rectors and professors of the University were world-known scientists, such as the founder of the non-Euclidean mathematics Lobachevsky and the founder of Organic Chemistry Butlerov . The Kazan University made great contribution to the Russian and world science also due to the efforts of such scientists as Bechterev .Lesgafr . Arbusov . Kamai . Mushtarv and many,others.

Along with the University , Kazan has 14 more higher educational establishments .

Cultural life of the capital is always rich and diverse The citizens and guests of the city have at there disposal 6 theatres , a number of cinemas museums .The Opera and Ballet Theatre named after M.Djalil, is the largest and the most beautiful of them. Many prominent singers and performers from this country and abroad take part in festivals held in the theatre. Kazan is a major economic centre in the Volga area. Its numerous plants and factories turn out all sorts of manufactured goods , such as measuring instruments, high-power compressors, computers, optic devices , medical equipment and a lot of other products . Kazan furs are known all over the world.

Kazan is a fast growing city. Old constructions stand side by side with modem buildings . In general. Kazan is becoming more and more beautiful from year to_yearI_

Vocabulary.

Capital столица.

To be situated располагаться.

Population население.

Mention упоминание.

Measuring instruments измерительный прибор.
Optic devices оптические приборы.

Medical equipment медицинское оборудование.

Goods товары.

Product продукция.

Contribution вклад.

Diverse разнообразный.

Speak about Kazan according to the plan :

1. Location / Where is Kazan situated ?/

2. Population / Is it a big city? How large is it ?/

3. History/ Is it an old city ?When was it first mentioned in historical records?/

4. Appearance/ How does it look like ?/

5. A major economic centre, centre of education and culture.

Speak on :

 

a) the town in out country you like best;

b) your native town (village);

c) any of the foreign cities you have visited.

Topic 8. Chistopol.

My home town is lovely indeed with its big blocks, fine old - styled houses, beautiful streets and offices. There are plenty of old streets and by- streets that remain nice from very old times . Perhaps , there is some harmony between old and modern Chistopol.

Its history goes back to the 18th century. So Chistopol is over 200 years old . A small settlement appeared at the bank_of the_Kama river. These peasants run., from their landowners and were engaged in agriculture, and_fishery. But soon those peasants were arrested and sent back to their former landowners . Instead_of that settlement only_bare field "Chistoye-. Pole” was left. Because of the advantageous location, in 1781 "Chistoye Pole '' became one of the main towns of Kazan Province. Gradually Chistopol became the centre of main trade of Kazan Province. Grain was exported to France, England, Germany.

At the beginning of the 40-s Chistopol was on the second place after Kazan in economic, cultural development and population. About 11 thousand citizens of Chistopol were killed during the Great Patriotic War. Such names of the heroes of the Soviet Union as Marinin, Valeev, Kaiashnikov, Chekin . Mironov , Sitdikov .Privalov are well known to any man of our town . We have the AllIey of Heroes and the Eternal Fire in the centre of Chistopol.

Chistopol was like a hospitable shelter for many writers and poets : actors and musicians during the war . Boris Pasternak , Isakovsky ,Marshak , Paustovsky, Leonov . Tvardovsky, D.Bedny were moved to Chistopol .

Chistopol has grown greatly_during_last_years . Today it has a population of about 67 thousand people. The production of such,enterprises such as"_Vostok" , radio company "Vek-tor " are known everywhere. We have 2museums, music school and an Art school, a modern Sport Palace and a Stadium^

Chistopol is famous for its beautiful forests and Kama's banks. It is surrounded by meadows, fields and lakes .Many people from other towns and cities like to have their rest on Kama's banks.

Vocabulary.

Goes back относится к .

Settlement поселение.

Peasants крестьяне.

Landowner помещик.

Advantageous location выгодное местоположение .

Kazan Province Казанская губерния .

Grain- trade хлебная торговля .

Knitting factoty трикотажная фабрика .

Population население.

The Alley of Heroes Аллея героев .

The Eternal Fire Вечный огонь .

Speak on :

1. The centre of the town ;

2. The district you live in ;

3. Your most favourite place in the town.

Imagine you are a guidein your town:

1. What would you say about the past and the present of your town?

2. What places of interest would you show to your guest ?

Text 9 London.

London is the capital of Great Britain, it is one of the largest cities in the world. London is situated on both sides of the Thames. There are fourteen bridges across the Thames. There are four parts in London the City, the West End, the East End and the Port.

The City is the oldest part of London. There are no houses in the City, only large office buildings. The City is the country's financial and business center. The Stock Exchange the Royal Exchange the Bank of England are there. At night the City is quiet and empty.

The name "West End " is associated with the rich, it's the finest part. In the West End there are theatres, cinemas, museums, picture galleries, long streets of fine shops. There are beautiful parks, too.

The Houses of Parliament, Whitehall, Downing Street are all in the West End. Whitehall is the street where all the Government offices are. It is the heart of the Government of Great Britain. If the City is the "money" of London, and the West End is the “goods”, then the East End is the "hands " of London. Working- class of London is in the East End. It's a district of blocks, factories, poor little houses and narrow streets. Housing conditions in this part of London are very bad. Lots of old houses have no modern conveniences. They are damp, dirty and dark.

The East End and the Port of London are situated to the east of the City. They are unattrac­tive, but very important for the country's economy.

London is very rich in sights. Among them Westminster Abbey .which is famous for its architecture and history. In Westminster Abbey the kings and queens of England are buried. Here is also the Poet's Corner where many_great writers_and_poets are buried: Kipping, Dickens, Tennyson the memorials to Shakespeare and Byron. Scot and Longfeliow.

ui

Of on less interest are the Houses of Parliament with Big Ben, the Buckingham Palace- the Queens residence, the National Art Gallery, the British Museum, St. Paul's Cathedral and the Tower, which was first a fortress, then a prison and which is a museum nowr. Trafalgar Square is about a hundred years old. The main feature is the tall Nelson monument, is the figure of the great seaman on the top. Many demonstrations and meetings take place here.

There are a lot of parks in London, the most famous of them is Hyde Park with its Speaker's Corner.

Sunday is a very quiet day in London . All the shops are not open and so are theatres and most of the cinemas. Londoners like to get out of the town on Sundays. They often go down to the seashore for the day'

Vocabulary

The Stock Exchange фондовая биржа

The Royal Exchange Лондонская биржа

"goods" зд. витрина, где выставлено все на показ

Say a few words about:

1. The City of London.

2. The West End.

3. The East End.

4. London's sights.

Prove that London is the city contrasts. What do you know about the capital of Russia and its places of interest?

Text 10 Washington.

Washington, the capital of the United States, was founded in 1791 in the District of Columbia. •

Washington is not the largest city in the United States; it is not as large as New York,( Chicago, Los Angeles. It has a population of 900,000 реорlе.

~ Washington is like no other city of the USA. You_know that the flag of the USA, the "stars and stripes" has 50 stars one blue background. Each of these stars represents one of the fifty states". But the city of Washington is the seat of government of the nation. New York is a center of fi­nance, and shipping; New Orleans deals with cotton. Washington does not produce anything except very much scrapaper.. Every day twenty-five railway cars leave Washington, loaded with scrap paper. There is a law in Washington against building structures higher than the Capitol, therefore it presents a different appearance from New York with its sky-scrapes.

Washington has many historical places. The White House, where USA. President lives and works, the_Capitol, the home of the US Congress and the Supreme Court are all in Washington. The Capitol is very high and beautiful with white marble columns.,

Nowadays Washington is the city which attracts a lot of tourists by its fashionable hotels, restaurants and sightseeing attractions.

The White House, the residence of the president, is the oldest public structure in the capital and one of the most beautiful of it. All American presidents, except George Washington, had lived in the White House.

Vocabulary.

to deal торговать

scrap paper бумажная макулатура

to load загружать

building structures здания

the Capitol здания Конгресса

sky-scrapers небоскребы

marble мраморный

 








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