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We can discusss this matter tomorrow.but The conference is to start tomorrow.
2 Как правило, перечисленные модальные глаголы употребляются в настоящем времени. При использовании других времен часто употребляются эквиваленты модальных глаголов:
We were able to come to an agreement. We were allowed to use this equipment. You will have to rewrite it.
3 Если после модальных глаголов употребляется Perfect Infinitives, значения модальных глаголов меняются:
§ Exercises a Read and translate the following sentences:
1 A solicitor is a lawyer who gives legal advice to his or her client and may sometimes represent them in court. 2 A trustee is the legal owner of property which s/he holds in trust for the benefit of the beneficiary under Rules of Equity and the trustee must act in the interests of the beneficiary, according to the terms of the trust. 3 In law «to appeal» is to ask a higher court to change the judgement already given by a lower court. Criminals have the right to appeal against their sentences to the Court of Appeal. If the appeal is refused there can be a final appeal to the House of Lords, but this rearly happens. 4 Anyone who wants to own a gun, even a shortgun (a gun for shooting birds or rabbits) must get a firearm certificate from the police.
b Read the following text, underline the modal verbs and explain their usage: The jury and the verdict In British law since the accused are considered to be innocent until they are proved guilty, the prosecution must prove their guilt, the defence does not have to prove their innocence. If there is doubt in the minds of the jury, the verdict must be «not guilty». In Scottish law, a jury may return a verdict of «not proven» (not proved), but even then the verdict is final and a person may not be tried twice for the same crime. Until 1966 in England and Wales all the members of the jury had to be in agreement. Now, at least ten of the twelve jury members must agree before a verdict can be given.
сRead the following table and say what Russian young people can or must do at these ages:
d Read the following and sum it up: Learner drivers and law In Britain all learner drivers need to display «L» plates. In the USA there is no law that says a learner driver needs to have «L» plates or any such warning device. A young person can apply for a learner's permit at the age of fifteen and a half and take a test at sixteen. In Germany you must go to a professional driving school to learn to drive. In Finland you have to do a written test. In Spain and France new drivers carry a sticker to show that the vehicle has a maximum speed of 90 k. p. h.
e Have a look at the picture and say what you see in it:
Mark the true statement with «J»: 1 You can have a passenger on a motorbike provided he wears a helmet................ 2 Unless you wear a helmet, you can't ride on a motobike................ 3 No passenger is allowed on a motobike................ 4 No passenger is allowed on a bike................
§ The main functions of the Infinitive in sentences
§ Exercises aUnderline the Infinitives, write down what parts of sentences they are and translate the sentences into Russian:
1 His duty is to make sure that the place of work is safe....(Part of the predicate)............................................ 2 He could not refuse to fulfill demands of court................................................................................................ 3 He has just finished to read the sentence.......................................................................................................... 4 I expect him to be acquitted.............................................................................................................................. 5 Please telephone him to send this message....................................................................................................... 6 I would like to see this witness again............................................................................................................... 7 This is the place to see......................................................................................................................................
§ The Participles and their functions in sentences
§ Exercises a Encircle the Participles, mark the Present Participles with «Pres» and the Past Participles with «Past» and translate the sentences into Russian:
b Complete the following sentences using Participles:
1 They considered the application dated 20 September 1999 (to date) 20 September 1999. 2 The other party wanted to change the period ......................... (to establish) previously. 3 The questions...........................(to mention) were of no importance. 4 The facts...........................(to underline) by the girl were rather unexpected. 5 The decision...........................(to make) aroused everybody's interest. 6 The contract ...........................(to make) between these two parties has been completed. 7 The Clause...........................(to describe) the terms of payment will be discussed tomorrow. 8 The reports...........................(to reveal) these figures has not been issued jet.
§ Some prepositions
Remember and use for reference:
• to veto smth – a veto of/over smth • to search smth – to search for smth – in search of smth • to consent to smth – to give consent to smth – by mutual consent • inconsistent/incompatible with smth • to be/to remain in force to come/to enter into force
§ Parts of Speech Remember and use for reference:
§ Parts of Sentence
Remember and use for reference:
§ Revise Grammar!
a Read and retell how the story started:
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