Teleworking freelance flexitime job sharing shifts short-term contract

1. John's company demands that he is in the office between 10.00 and 15.00 but he can start earlier than that and finish later than that as long as he works 40 hours per week. He is working … . 2. This is the worst week of the month for Mary because this week she's working nights. Next week is the best, because then she'll be at home when her daughter comes in from school. She's working … . 3. Pat works for a large insurance firm but he only goes to their office one day a week. For the other four he works at home and keeps in touch by e-mail, fax and phone. He's … . 4. Peter is a journalist He writes for a variety of papers. This week it's the Financial Times, last week it was the Wall Street Journal. He decides how much work he does and when he works and completes his own accounts for tax purposes. He's working … . 5. Heidi is working at a food processing plant in Germany. She's worked there for two months, and her job finishes at the end of this month. She hopes the company will renew her contract for another three months. She's working on a … . 6. Mary and Jane are both receptionists for a PR firm. Mary works there on Monday and Tuesday, Jane then takes over for the rest of the week. They are …

16. Decide which word suits best each space. Choosing a job

One of the most difficult decisions is choosing what to do for a (1) … . For example, do you want to follow a definite (2) … and(3) … a low (4) … at the beginning, but have good (5) … in a company that trains its (6) …? Or are you more interested in taking any kind of work, because you need a/an (7) … ? You may have to (8) ... the feet that a good (9) … can be difficult to find. In that case, why not take a (10) … one? You will gain some useful (11) … Remember that even if you have the right (12) … you may have to (13) ... lots of application forms before you are asked to (14) … an interview. But don't worry if you don't know what you want to (15) … exactly. You'll enjoy finding out!

17. Render in English (50-100 words)

A. В США безработица осталась на отметке 5%

Уровень безработицы в США в текущем году не изменился по сравнению с предыдущим и составил 5%, согласно информации Министерства труда США.

По сравнению с прошлым годом безработица уменьшилась на 0,5 процентных пункта. Официальное количество безработных в стране по сравнению с предыдущим годом не изменилось и составляет 7,5 млн. человек.

Число американцев, занятых в сфере услуг, увеличилось в этом году на 203 тыс. человек, в производстве - на 4 тыс. В отчете также отмечается, что безработица среди афроамериканцев по итогам года упала с 10,3% до 9,5%, среди латиноамериканцев этот показатель снизился с 5,8% до 5,5%. Безработицы среди мужчин осталась на отметке 4,3%, среди женщин - выросла с 4,6% до 4,7%.

B. Безработица сокращается, занятость растет

Согласно последнему отчету министерства труда, уровень занятости поднялся незначительно, что свидетельствует о медленном восстановлении рынка труда после разрушений, вызванных на Мексиканском побережье ураганом «Катрина».
В то же время потеря рабочих мест, по пересмотренным данным, составила всего 8000, что существенно меньше 35 тыс., о которых сообщалось в предварительном отчете.
Несмотря на снижение занятости – первом за последние два года, — уровень безработицы в октябре упал до 5 процентов (ранее он составляя 5,1 процента).
Увеличение числа рабочих мест на 56 тыс. разочаровало экономистов, предсказывавших показатель почти вдвое больший – 100 тысяч. Еще одно разочарование: согласно пересмотренным данным, увеличение числа рабочих мест составило 148 тыс., а не 211 тыс., как сообщалось ранее.
Барометр инфляции также набирает силу. Средний часовой вырос на 0,5 процента и составил 16,27 доллара (экономисты предсказывали рост на 0,2 процента). Такой быстрый рост вызывает у экономистов серьезные опасения по поводу темпов инфляции, которую Федеральный резерв (ФР) пытается сдержать за счет очередного повышения учетной ставки. Ожидается, что такой политики правительство будет придерживаться и в дальнейшем.

Speaking

1. Which of the following would motivate you to work harder? Choose your top five and rank them in order of priority. Which ones have you experienced?

2. Give a number of benefits provided by companies. Which of the following do you think can be provided in Belarus?

3. Which of the following statements seem to you to be generally true? Why?

1. People dislike work and avoid it if they can. 2. Work is necessary to people's psychological well-being. 3. People avoid responsibility and would rather be told what to do. 4. People are motivated mainly by money. 5. Most people are far more creative and ingenious than their employers realize. 6. People are motivated by anxiety about their security. 7. People want to be interested in their work and, given die right conditions, they will enjoy it. 8. Under the right conditions, most people will accept responsibility and want to realize their own potential.

4. Working in pairs or in small groups, discuss the following questions:

1. A recent US survey showed children preferred parents to go out and earn money rather than spend more time with them. What does this show, in your opinion? 2.Would you prefer a male or female boss? Why? 3. For what reasons might you change jobs? How often would you expect to do so in your lifetime? 4. How much should companies be involved in the lives of their employees? 5. How can businesses help to improve the balance between employees` working and leisure hours? 6. To what extent do you judge someone by their job title? 7. Which would motivate you more: a pay rise or a better job title? Why? 8. Why might job titles cause problems among staff?

5. Discuss what you would do and say in these difficult situations:

1. Your colleague applied for a promotion but didn`t get it. 2. You borrowed a colleague’s mobile phone but now it`s stopped working. 3. You invite a client for a meal and they ask if they can bring a friend. You see this as a business rather than a social occasion. 4. You`re staying at a hotel that your host is paying for. It is uncomfortable and you want to move. You host asks, ‘How do you like the hotel?’

6.Describe the most common methods that companies use to recruit people in your country.

1. How do companies ‘fire’ people? Is it easy for companies to do so or do employees have rights in that situation? 2. How powerful are trade unions in your country? Are strikes common? 3. What types of discrimination exist in your country? On the grounds of sex, ethnic group, age, disability? Are these laws against discrimination? How effective are they? 4. What factors do you think motivate employees? 5.Remuneration such as bonuses, perks, share options, performance related pay? Or empowerment through, for example, increased responsibility, the freedom to work flexibility, the chance to update and widen skills? Or are there other factors which motivate?

Writing

1. Write a short account (about 200 words) of the factors that have been or will be important for you in your choice of a job.

2. Write an advertisement for any job which will convince applicants that it really would provide equal opportunities for both men and women.

3. Comment on the following statement (150-200 words):

“It is not real work unless you would rather be doing something else.” Sir James Barrie (1860-1937), Scottish dramatist and novelist

Key vocabulary

(Pay As You Earn) job description job evaluation

Affiliation induction work council

job satisfaction semiskilled worker arbitration

self-importance unskilled worker conciliation

gross pay youth training (YT) industrial action

net pay flexible hours lock-out

time rate flexible workforce industrial tribune

fringe benefits redundant

incremental pay scale structural unemployment

performance-related pay picketing

productivity deal shop steward

application form trade association

employment agency trade union

head hunters collective bargaining

U N I T VII

TRADE

Lead-in

Trade is a system to exchange goods and services. Human societies evolved from the Stone Age to the present by exchanging or trading ideas and technologies. People and countries trade with each other to obtain things that are of better quality, less expensive or simply different from goods and services produced at home. Instead of trying to produce everything themselves which would be inefficient, they often concentrate on producing those things that they can produce best, and then trade for other goods and services. By doing so, both the country and the world become wealthier.

1.How do people and countries benefit from trade?

2. What do they usually sell and purchase?

Reading

Text 1

Read the text. Make the list of economic terms used in the text. Be ready to explain what they mean. Ask 5-7 questions about the text.

Basic Terms in Trade

Countries buy and sell various goods as well as various services. Goods bought from abroad, such as food, cars, machines, medicines, books and many others, are called visible imports. Goods sold abroad are called visibleexports. Services, such as insurance, freight, tourism, technical expertise and others, are called invisible imports and invisible exports. The total amount of money a country makes including money from visible and invisible exports, for a certain period of time, usually for a year, is Gross National Product, or GNP. The difference between a country's total earnings or GNP, and its total expenditure is called its balance of payments. The difference between what a country receives for its visible exports and what it pays for its visible imports is its balance of trade. If a country sells more goods than it buys, it will have a surplus.If a country buys more than it sells, it will have a deficit.

Many import or export deals are arranged through an exporter's agentor distributorabroad - in this case the importer buys from a company in his own country and this company imports the goods. Alternatively, the deal may be arranged through an importer's buying agentor a buying houseacting for the importer, or through an export housebased in the exporter's country. In this situation, the exporter sells directly to a company in his own country, who will then export the goods.

Prices for exports may be quoted in the buyer's currency, the seller's currency or in a third 'hard' currency (e.g. US dollars). The price quoted always indicates the terms of delivery,which conform to the international standard known as incoterms.The terms of delivery that are most common depend on the kinds of goods being traded and the countries between which the trade is taking place.

CFR –this price includes Cost and Freight,but not insurance, to a named port of destination in the buyer's country.

CIF –thisprice covers Cost, Insurance and Freight toa named port of destination in the buyer's country.

EXW –this price is the Ex-Workscost of the goods. The buyer arranges collection from the supplier and pays for freight carriage and insurance.

FOB –this price includes all costs of the goods Free On Boarda ship for aircraft) whose destination is stated in the contract. The buyer pays for onward shipment and insurance.

An import/export transaction usually requires a lot of complicated documentation. Many different arrangements have to be made and this can be difficult when one firm is dealing with another firm on the other side of the world. Different documentsmay be needed, for example: Bill of Lading; Dangerous Goods Note; Sea Waybill; Air Waybill; Shipping Note; Certificate of Insurance.

Text 2

Read the following text and answer the questions that follow it.

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