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Task 3. Fill the gaps with the words from the text.1. The Industrial Revolution, which was cradled in Great Britain in 1750–1850, _________in the use of steam power, new technologies, and mass production of building materials. 2. Transformation of building technology____ another significant result of the Industrial Age. 3. The outstanding designer Gustave _____ about 60 structures of iron. 4. The Eiffel Tower ____ Paris its most visited monument . 5. Thanks to the efforts of famous architects the industrial production of high quality steel _____ a reality in the 1860's. 6. The invention of reinforced concrete ______ about great changes in construction technology. 7. Water-supply and sanitary plumbing _______ rapidly in the second half of the century. 8. The Crystal Palace _______ those innovations together to become "a true Parthenon of the Industrial Age". 9. Paxton used his skill of building greenhouses ______ the problem of vast space.
Task 4. Choose the correct phrase – a), b), c) – to complete each sentence:
1. The Industrial Revolution was cradled … in the 18th – 19th centuries. a) in France b) in England c) in Germany
2. The Industrial Revolution was the age of a) iron, steel, glass, and stone. b) iron, steel, glass, and concrete. c) iron, steel, glass, and cement.
3. The outstanding designer Gustave Eiffel a) patented wrought iron. b) created about 60 structures of iron. c) was a genius of bridge engineering.
4. The Eiffel Tower had been … for 41 years. a) the tallest structure in France b) the tallest structure in Europe c) the tallest structure in the world
5. Thanks to …, the industrial production of high quality steel was begun. a) Henry Bessemer and William Kelly b) Henry Bessemer and William Siemens c) Henry Bessemer, William Kelly, and William Siemens
6. Portland cement was patented by a) Joseph Paxton in 1851. b) Joseph Aspdin in 1824. c) Joseph Monier in 1867.
7. A lot of bridges of … were built all over Europe and North America. a) portland cement. b) concrete. c) reinforced concrete.
8. Steam-heating systems appeared a) in the 19th century b) in the early 19th century c) in the first half of the 19th century.
9. … were introduced in the last decades of the 19th century. a) Elevators and telephones b) Elevators and gas lighting c) Water-supply and sanitary plumbing
10. The Crystal Palace was built to house a) the Great London Exhibition b) the Paris Exhibition c) the Art Gallery.
11. Joseph Paxton's design was chosen from … projects. a) more than 200 b) more than 250 c) 250
12. The Crystal Palace was made up of 300,000 a) hand-made units of plate-glass. b) units of plate-glass. c) prefabricated units of plate-glass.
13. 2,000 builders worked for … to complete the structure. a) half a year b) a year and a half c) more than 6 months
14. The building had a … roof. a) slanting b) vaulted c) curved
15. The Crystal Palace was the first … in the world. a) large-scale structure b) large-scale prefabricated structure c) prefabricated structure
Task 5. Answer the following questions 1.What did the Industrial Revolution result in Great Britain ? 2.What was the first creation of the knowledge dissemination during the Industrialization? 3. What were the dominating structures of the industrial age? 4.What kind of new materials produced a universal structural system? 5. Who was Gustave Eiffel and what did he create? 6.What brought great changes in construction technology? 7. What were the development of new technical services? 8. What building brought all innovations of the Industrial Age? 9. Who made the Crystal Palace and when? 10. What is the Crystal Palace? Task 6. Choose the correct word in brackets. 1. Piranesi was a famous painter and talented etcher, (which / who) carried out a deep study of ancient Roman culture. 2. Piranesi understood the role of perspective in painting, (and / but) developed a unique creative method. 3. In 1756, Piranesi published his first account of antique Rome (with / without) a collection of engravings. 4. Piranesi carried out a fundamental research of Roman culture (than / that) had a considerable influence on architecture. 5. Winckelmann was a well-known scientist, (who / whose) studied Greek antiquity. 6. (When / Where) William Kent studied art in Rome, he met Lord Burlington, and created some outstanding designs (below / under) his leadership. 7. Being a wealthy patron of young architects, Lord Burlington had a greatinfluence (in / on) the British society. 8. Kent admired the Palladian style, (and / as) created a delightful interpretation of the Villa Rotonda. 9. The Palladian style could be easily changed to suit the owner of a luxury villa (or / but) a modest house. 10. (While / Why) building Holkham Hall, Kent revealed his unique talent as an architect. 11. Kent designed an impressive structure (from / with) four wings, and built the façade of yellow Roman brick. 12. Being the leader (for / of) the Romantic Movement, Kent originated the guiding rule of landscape architecture.
Task 7 . Choose suitable adjectives or participles in brackets. 1. In the 18th century, Europe returned to … and … Classical architecture. (balanced / balancing; proportional /proper) 2. Thanks to the … Tour of intellectuals, the European society re-discovered the heritage of … civilizations. (Great / Grand; old / ancient) 3. In the second half of the 18th century, a lot of … treatises appeared in Europe. (scientific / systematic) 4. Treatises on architecture had a … influence on the Neo-Classical style. (professional / profound) 5. Winckelmann thought Greek architecture to be the model of … taste. (permanent / perfect) 6. The books by Andrea Palladio and Colen Campbell were the … guidance for young architects. (theoretical / practical) 7. The Palladianism was a … style in England and Scotland in the 8. The … Revival was an … style of government buildings in England. (Greek / Gothic; efficient / official) 9. Kensington Palace in London is the most … creation of William Kent as a painter. (outstanding / greatest) 10. The vestibule of Syon House in London is decorated with … Greek sculptures. (gold / golden) 11. Designers decorated gardens with arches, bridges, grottoes, and other … creations. (delighted / delightful) Unit 5 Task 1. Read the text Egyptian architecture During the Old Kingdom, the period when Egypt was ruled by the Kings of the 3rd to 6th Dynasties, artists and craftsmen were drawn to the court to work under the patronage of the king and his great nobles. Techniques of working in stone, wood, and metal made tremendous progress, demonstrated by surviving large scale monuments, such as the pyramids of the 4th Dynasty and the sun temples built by the 5th Dynasty kings. The pyramids of the 4th Dynasty are the most spectacular of all funerary works and the only remained wonder of the world. These monuments celebrated the divinity of the kings of Egypt, linking the people with the great gods of earth and sky. This was a time when trade and the economy flourished. Craftsmen worked in the finest materials which were often brought great distances, and were able to experiment with recalcitrant stones as well as new techniques of metalworking. This enabled them by the 6th Dynasty to produce large metal figures. The earliest that survive are the copper statues of Pepi 1 and his son, found at Hierakonpolis. Made c.2330 BC they are badly corroded but still impressive in their stiffly formal poses. The eyes are inlaid, and the crown and the kilt of the king, now missing, were probably originally made of gilded plaster. During the prosperous period known as the Middle Kingdom fortresses were built to defend the southern and eastern borders. Craftsmen achieved new levels of excellence. Very little architecture remains – many royal monuments were robbed for their stone in later periods – but what has survived shows great simplicity and refinement. The example is the pyramid of Sesostris 1 at Lisht. The establishment of the 18th Dynasty marked the beginning of the New Kingdom and a new blossoming of the arts and crafts of ancient Egypt. Craftsmen benefited from wider contract with other civilizations, such as those of Crete and Mesopotamia, and were also able to work with imported raw materials. The kings gave encouragement to artists and craftsmen by ordering great temples and palaces to be built throughout Egypt. The temple walls were covered with reliefs celebrating the achievements of the kings and the powers of gods. The most notable monuments are the Mortuary Temple of Queen Hatsheput at Deir-el-Bahari (c.1480 BC), which had a series of pillared colonnades on three sides of three superimposed terraces linked by gigantic ramps and magnificent Great Temple at Karnak to Amon as the universal god of Egypt. Ancient Egyptian architecture was revived under the Ptolemies, the successors of Alexander the Great, who built numerous temples of traditional style of which the finest examples that survive are the Temple of Horus at Etfu and the temples on the islands of Philae (c.323-30 BC) Vocabulary 1.kingdom царство 2. craftsmen ремесленник 3. were drawn стянуты, собраны 4. court двор 5. the patronage покровительство 6. great nobles аристократия, знать 7.tremendous огромный, громадный 8. surviving выживших, сохранивших 9. temple храм, могила 10. spectacular впечатляющий 11.funerary works погребальные работы 12. remained wonder оставшееся чудо 13.large scale крупномасштабный 13. divinity божество 14. recalcitrant непокорный 15.to enable давать возможность 16. copper медь 17. c. (circa) приблизительно 18.to produce производить 19. badly corroded сильно заржавевший 20. stiffly formal poses натянутых формальных позах 21. inlaid инкрустирован 23. B.C.(before Christ) до нашей эры 24. crown корона 25. to miss потерять 26. gilded plaster позолота 27. prosperous процветающий 28. fortress крепость 29. to defend защищать 30. border граница 31. to achieve достигать 32.to remain оставаться 33. to rob грабить 34. simplicity простота 36. refinement обработка 37. establishment создание, образование 38. to mark показывать, отмечать 39. blossoming расцвет 40. to benefit извлекать выгоду, пользу 41. encouragement поощрение 42. ordering заказывая 43. relief рельеф 44. to celebrate праздновать 45. achievement достижение 46. notable известный 47. Mortuary погребальный 48. pillared поддерживающий 49. superimposed суперпозиционный 50.to link соединять 51. ramp скат, уклон 52. magnificent величественный 53. to revive оживать 54.successor последователь, наследник 55. numerous многочисленный 
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