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Subject and object pronouns





Subject pronouns

I you he she it we you they

Object pronouns

me you him her it us you them

• The subject is the person or thing doing the action:

I left early.

She went home.

We said goodbye.

• The object is the person or thing

receiving the action:

She telephoned me.

I hit him.

We saw her.

 

Write the correct pronouns for these sentences.

1 ..She... telephoned yesterday, (she)

2 We watched .him... for hours, (he)

3 Hasn't arrived yet? (she)

4 don't understand. (I)

5 Are you talking to ? (I)

6 Don't ask doesn't know, (she/she)

7 This is Julia: have known for years, (we/she)

8 Nobody told the bus was leaving, (they)

9 Why didn't ask to come? (she/they)

10 Don't ask Ask (I/he)

11 think doesn't like (T/he/I)

13 asked to invite (they/he/we)

Reflexive pronouns

myself yourself himself herself itself

ourselves yourselves themselves

 

• The object is the same person or thing as the subject:

 

I cut myself when I was cooking.

The kettle will switch itselfoff automatically.

 

Write the correct reflexive pronouns for these sentences.

 

1 I like to wake ..myselff.. up in the morning with a cup of coffee.

2 Thanks for a great party - we really enjoyed . ourselves.. .

3 I hate watching on video.

4 I'm sorry, Tony, but I haven't got enough money to pay for you. Can you pay for yourself?

5 After his accident, Philip drove to the hospital.

6 We don't need a babysitter - the children can look after

7 Now, children, remember to give enough time to answer all the exam questions.

8 'Should I apply for the job?' she asked

9 We're planning to buy a new television.

10 He hurt when he was playing football.

Possessive adjectives

 

• Each pronoun has a possessive adjective:

 

I —> my we —> our

you —> your you —> your

he —> his they > their

she —• her it —> its

Write the correct possessive adjectives for these sentences.



 

  1. These are ..my... parents. (!)
  2. I've got watch, (he)
  3. Is this car? {you)
  4. Do they like new house? (she)
  5. Have you met teacher? (they)
  6. Who's got money? (I)
  7. I don't like teacher, (we)
  8. Have you got passport? (you)
  9. He forgot keys, (he)
  10. They changed hotel, (they)
  11. She gave the letter to secretary, (she)
  12. There's something wrong with car. (I)
  13. They're having a party in garden, (they)
  14. Where's pen? (I)
  15. I like jacket. (You)

Possessive adjectives and pronouns

Possessive adjectives

my your his her its our your their

Possessive pronouns

mine yours his hers - ours yours theirs

• The possessive adjective is always followed by its noun:

It's my car.

That's hismother.

This is ourhouse.

 

• The possessive pronoun is never followed by its noun:

This is mine.

Give it to Peter: it's his.

The money is ours.

 

Write the correct possessive adjective or pronoun for these sentences.

1 Whose camera is this? Is it ..yours. ? (you)

2 Excuse me, those are ,.our.. seats, (we)

3 Is it suitcase or ? (you/he)

4 Has the dog had food? (it)

5 They're not keys - they're (I/she)

6 I don't think its room: I think it's (you/they)

7 The police asked me for address. (I)

8 Have you got pen, or would you like to borrow? (you/I)

9 garden is bigger than (they/we)

10 I think this is book. Oh no, it's (I/you)

11 The decision is (they)

12 The cat wants dinner, (it)

13 You know it's not money. It's (you/I)

14 It isn't car, it's (he/she)

15 It wasn't mistake, it was (I/they)

16 Have you met mother? (they)

17 parents say the decision is (she/they)

18 brother hasn't got a phone, so he uses (I/we)

19 car wasn't working, so I used (I/he)

20 house is smaller than (we/they)


UNIT 4

 

POINT OF GRAMMAR



Kinds of Sentences

 

Normally, a sentence expresses a relationship, conveys a command, voices a question, or describes someone or something. It begins with a capital letter and ends with a period, question mark, or exclamation mark.

 

The basic parts of a sentence are the subject and the predicate. The subject is usually a noun - a word that names a person, place, or thing. The predicate (or verb) usually follows the subject and identifies an action or a state of being. See if you can identify the subject and the predicate in each of the following short sentences:

 

 

•The hawk soars.

•The widows weep.

•My daughter is a wrestler.

•The wrestlers are tired.

 

In each of these sentences, the subject is a noun: hawk, widows, daughter, and children. The verbs in the first two sentences – soars, weep – show action and answer the question, "What does the subject do?" The verbs in the last two sentences – is, are – are called linking verbs because they link the subject with a word that renames it (wrestler) or describes it (tired).

 

1. Declarative sentences(affirmative, negative)

Interrogative sentences

a.general question (rise) –

Is your sister a good pupil?

B.alternative question -

Is your sister a good pupil or a good student?

Is your sister a good or a bad pupil?

Is your sister a good pupil oris your brother a good pupil?

= Is your sister or is your brother a good pupil?

Is your sister a good pupil oris his sister a good pupil?

= Is your sister or is his sister a good pupil?

c.special question (low fall)

Whose sister is a good pupil? Who is a good pupil?

D.disjunctive question

- Your sister is a good pupil, isn’t she?

3.Imperative sentences(affirmative, negative )

Close the door. Don’t close the door.

Exclamatory sentences

What a nice day!

 

Interrogative sentences (am/is/are)

Making questions

• Questions are formed for all tenses except present simple and past simple by

changing the position of the auxiliary verb {am, was, will, etc.) and the

subject (I, you, she, he, etc.):

You 're going à Are you going?

He has gone à Has he gone?

• Questions are formed for the present simple and past simple by using do,

does, or did:

They work here. Do they work here?

She lived here. Did she live here?

positive question

I am Am I?

 

he

she is Is he/ she/ it?

it

 

we

you are Are we/you/they?

they

 

-‘Is your mother at home?’ – ‘No, she’s out.’

-‘Is it cold in your room?’ – ‘Yes, a little’

-Those shoes are nice. Are they new?

-Are books expensive in your country?

 

-‘How old is Joe?’ – ‘He’s 24.’



-‘What colour is your car?’ – ‘It’s blue’

what’s=what is who’s=who is hows=how is where’s=where is

-What’s the time? -What’s that man?

-Where’s Jill? -How’s your father?

 

short answers

Yes, I am. No, I’m not.

Yes, he/she/it is. No, he’s/she’s/it’s not. or No, he/she/it isn’t.

Yes, we/you/they are. No, we’re/you’re/they’re not. or No, we/you/they aren’t.

 

-Are you tired? Yes, I am.

-Are you hungry? No, I’m notbut I’m thirsty.

-Is he English? Yes, he is.

-Is Ann at work today? No she isn’t.

-Is this seat free? Yes, it is.

-Am I late? No, you are not.

1. Write questions from these words. Use am/is/are:

1 (your mother at home?) ……Is your mother at home……?

2 (your parents at home?) .................................................................... at home ?

3 (this hotel expensive?) ...................................................................................?

4 (you interested in art?) ....................................................................................?

5 (the shops open today?) ....................................................................................?

6 (the park open today?) .....................................................................................?

2. Write questions with What/Who/How/Where/Why . . . ? Use am/is/are:

1 (what colour your car?) What colour is your car?

2 (where my key?) Where .......................................................................................?

3 (where my socks?) ...................................................................................................?

4 (how old your father?) How ..............................................................................?

5 (what colour his eyes?) .........................................................................................?

6 (why John angry with me?) .............................................................................?

7 (how much these shoes?) .........................................................................................?

8 (who your favourite actor?) ......................................................................................?

9 (why you always late?) .........................................................................................?

 

3. Ask the questions (Read the answers to the questions first):

You Paul.

1 (your name?) What’s your name?……………. ........................... Paul.

2 (married or single?) ..Are you married or single..........................? I'm married.

3 (British?) ...................................................................................... ? No, I'm not.

4 (where / from?) ............................................................................ ? From Australia.

5 (how old?) .................................................................................. ? I'm 25.

6 (a student?) .................................................................................. ? No, I'm a teacher.

7 (your wife a teacher?) ................................................................. ? No, she's a lawyer.

8 (where / from?) ........................................................................... ? She's Italian.

9 (her name?) .................................................................................. ? Anna.

10 (how old?) ....................................................................................? She's 25 too.

4. Write positive or negative short answers (Yes, I am / No, he isn't etc.).

1 Are you married? ..No, I’m not 6 Is it dark now? ............................ . ............

2 Are you tall? ...... Yes, I am 7 Are your hands cold? .............................

3 Is it cold today? 8 Are you hungry? .....................................

4 Are you a teacher? 9Is your father tall? ...................................

5 Are you tired? 10 Is it sunny? ...............................................

 

5. Make four different types of questions questions from these statements:

1 She likes travelling

Does she like travelling? What does she like doing? Does she like travelling or cooking? She likes traveling, does not she?

2 They're working.

Are they working?

3 He was playing tennis.

4 She went to school today.

5 They live here.

6 She's eating at the moment.

7 They drove to the station.

8 She's reading.-

9 He had breakfast early.

10 They came today.

11 She drives to work.

12 He left this morning.

13 He was writing a letter.

14 They watched television.

15 She's at home.

16 They went home.

17 She likes horror films.

18 He's walking home.

19 They were eating ice cream.

20 They gave him the money.

 

WORD ORDER

Direct object and indirect object

• In simple sentences the object is easy to see:

She hit him.

They took the money.

• Some verbs, however, have two objects:

She gave me the book.( = she gave the book to me)

the book is the real object of this sentence. It tells us whatshe gave.This is the direct object (Direct object)

me is the indirect object (Indirect object)

FORM

• verb + direct object + to or for + indirect object:

Give Buy D.O. the money a present to for   I.O. him. your mother.

 

a) Some common verbs Taking to: bring, give, lend, pay, promise, send,

Show, take, tell.

b) Some common verbs taking for: buy, find, get, make.

verb + indirect object without to or for + direct object:

Give Buy   I.O. him your mother D.O. the money. a present.

 

Note:that it is not possible to use the second form when the direct object is a pronoun

(me, her, him, it, etc]. The longer construction must be used:

Give it to John. (NOT Give John it.)

 

6. Rewrite these sentences without using to or for.

1 Give this food to your parents.

Give your parents this food.

2Get an ashtray for me, please.

Get me an ashtray, please.

3 Have you sent a postcard to your family?

4 Did you pay the money to him?

5 Would you find a seat for my mother, please?

6 I'll get some money for you.

7 Did you tell the news to your parents?

8 I'm buying a ticket for Jenny, too.

9 Show your painting to Mr Anderson.

10 Would you take this note to your parents?

 

 








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