INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES
STATISTICS
The branch of mathematics concerned with collecting and interpreting data is called statistics The data are often collected by interviewing a sample group of people who are meant to represent the whole population. If the sample group has been put together carefully, the findings should be fairly accurate for the entire population. The information gained from the sample group can be very useful to government agencies and businesses, helping them find out tastes, opinions, and the probable outcome of events.
| Отрасль математики, занимающаяся сбором и интерпретацией данных, называется статистикой. Часто сбор данных производится путем опроса выбранной группы людей, которая, по предположению, представляет все население. Если члены группы тщательно отобраны, результаты должны быть довольно точными для всего населения. Полученная от выбранной группы информация может оказаться весьма полезной для правительственных органов и деловых кругов, помогая им выявить вкусы, мнения и вероятный исход каких-либо событий.
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XXV. Определите уровни эквивалентности, опираясь на перевод:
1. Billy found the afternoon stingingly exciting (KV) Все в этот день возбуждало в Билли жгучий интерес.
2. From that day I was known as Needle (MS) С тех пор меня стали звать Иголкой.
3. She knew her chances were diminishing (MS) Она понимала, что годы уходят.
4. The bird looked at him when he spoke (EH) Птица посмотрела на него в ответ.
5. How much did it cost you to see me today? (WG) Сколько ты отдал, чтобы попасть ко мне?
6. What is your name? (JJ) Как тебя зовут?
7. Little Billy was terrified, because his father had said Billy was going to learn to swim by the method of sink-or-swim (KV)
Маленький Билли ужасно боялся: отец сказал, что будет учить его плавать методом «плыви или тони».
8. Не had a housekeeper (KV) За ним ухаживала экономка.
9. The others would walk off and leave me talking (RB) Те просто ушли бы и не стали меня слушать.
10. I told him that was one of the things I learned in college after the war (KV)
Я ему сказал, что этому, как и многому другому, меня учили в университете после войны.
11. But there were still a few wounded Americans, though, and some of the bombers were in bad repair (KV)
Но все же там оставалось несколько раненых американцев, и некоторые самолеты были сильно повреждены.
12. Billy's home was empty (KV) Дома у Билли никого не было.
13. You will have to share our council (WG) Нам нужен и твой совет.
14. I am not religious, he said (EH)
«В Бога я не верую», — сказал он.
15. But what a great fish he is and what he will bring in the market if the flesh is good (EH)
Но какая большая это рыба и сколько она принесет денег, если у нее вкусное мясо!
16. Only after a long time did he move (RB) Он долго стоял неподвижно.
17. Like so many Americans, she was trying to construct a life that made sense from things she found in gift shops (KV) Как многие американцы, она пыталась украсить жизнь вещами, которые продавались в лавочках сувениров.
18. Phanocles took his hands from his face (WG) Фанокл оторвал взгляд от своих рук.
XXVI. Изучите таблицу ложных друзей переводчика и переведите предложения:
1. A progressive increase in volume was noticed at all extensions.
2. The relationship is responsible for the original shifting of this band.
3. This compound actually proved to be an isomer.
4. The new procedure enabled us to overcome the above difficulties. Again there took place an unexpected drop in the demand for this product.
5. No final decision between all these various alternatives is possible at present.
6. On this approach rates of reactions are not measured.
7. The method, however, suffers badly from retardation effects.
8. Instrument air.
9. A discussion of the experimental procedures for this type of experimental system has been given elsewhere.
10. The philosophy used in the design of the experiment is as follows.
11. Figure 10 illustrates how this self-checking is accomplished.
XXVII.Исправьте ошибку в предложении:
Increase the pressure of the process gaseous streams, from the plant operating values to the pressure values required for transport and rejectionto reservoir.
XXVIII.В соответствии с примером заполните третий столбик:
Английское слово
| Словарное значение
| «Анаколуфное значение»
| accuracy
| точность
| погрешность
| sliding
| скольжение
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| curvature
| кривизна
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| thrust
| осевое усилие
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| reduction
| величина уменьшения
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| fatigue life
| долговечность
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XXVIII.В соответствии с примером заполните третий столбик:
Английское слово
| Словарное значение
| «Амбивалентное значение»
| approximately
| точно
| приблизительно
| marginal
| предельный (предполагается максимальный)
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| apparent
| кажущийся
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| virtual
| фактический, действительный
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| implicit
| подразумеваемый, неявный
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| conservative
| завышенный
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| best
| наибольший
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| worst
| наибольший
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| improved
| уменьшенный
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| offset
| возмещать (давать)
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| trip
| выключать (расцеплять)
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XXIX. Выберите наилучший вариант, выделенный жирным шрифтом:
If the rectifier DC output is equipped with 2 pole breaker, the alarm will trip if the DC output breaker is tripped.
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| Когда выход постоянного тока выпрямителя оборудован двухполюсным выключателем, сигнал отказа включается / выключается, если этот выключатель постоянного тока на выходе включается/ выключается.
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XXX. Переведите предложения:
1. Bright colors seem to wear better.
Яркие цвета выцветают, по-видимому, меньше(иными словами: сопротивляются выцветанию лучше).
2. Engines do not wear well.
3. It ages well at a reasonable price for an American car.
4. Avoid well-worn interior fabrics.
XXXI. Заполните таблицу в соответствии с примером:
Well + PP II = сильно:
well-advised
| предусмотрительный, расчетливый
| well-appointed
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| well-defined
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| well-grounded/founded
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| well-timed
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| well-worn
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XXXII.Определите рему и тему. Переведите предложения:
1. A copper water-carrying cooling coilwas activated during the freezing of the material.
В процессе замораживания материала включался в работу медный змеевик с охлаждающей водой.
2. Nonlinear programming methodsare applied to the grinding model for calculating the optimum grinding parameters.
3.Side lightingwas used in making the photographs exhibited here.
4. A section through this fatigue spall (Fig.6) shows that cracking did not originateat the bore.
5. It was generally observed that a heat affectedzone was present in the surface region of each specimen.
6. The data clearly show that large quantities of pyritescan be removed from coal.
7.Other instabilitiesgenerally became increasingly important as the coupling factor was increased.
8.One sensorwas positioned in each of 25 tubes after the bundle was assembled and installed in the test facility.
9. Tests with the Total emulsifier were more limited since a different high pressure nozzlehad to be installed for each emulsion flow rate.
10.This is a surprising outcome, inasmuch as larger differenceswould have been expected on the basis of geometrical differences between the two types of channels.
11. Results were rewarding, since much knowledgewas derived for a relatively small investment in computer time.
12.Thus, to reduce the resistance of the bed, largerparticleswere required.
13. Heat transfer by natural convection is investigated experimentally.
14. Fig. 13 suggests total flame radiation is reduced rather than increasedby using emulsified fuels.
15.Little attentionhas been given, however, to the combustion of pyrites as an impurity in coal fired in a furnace for the purpose of rising steam.
16.Very little machiningis necessary to prepare the sample.
XXXIII.Match abbreviations and their decryption:
1. Ped Xring
| a) easy ride;
| 2. XPDR
| b) transfer;
| 3. U-cut Xmas tree
| c) for sale;
| 4. Bar-B-Q
| d) transciever;
| 5. XFER
| e) command & control;
| 6. С2
| f) pedestrian crossing;
| 7. 4 sale
| g) command, control & communications;
| 8. XCVR
| h) barbecue;
| 9. Speaker
| i) SPKR;
| 10. E-Z ride
| j) Christmas;
| 11. СЗ
| k) transponder;
| 12. Xmas
| l) You cut Christmas tree.
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XXXIV.Match the text abbreviations and their meanings.
Text messages
CUL8R is a text message. It means ‘See you later’. C is for see, U is for you, L8 is for late, L8R is for later.
abbreviation
| meaning
| abbreviation
| meaning
| ru?
| please
| luv
| to, too
| ur
| be
| 2nite
| love
| pls
| message
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| great
| thx
| are you?
| 4u
| Bye for now.
| xxx
| you are
| bfn
| for you
| b
| kisses
| gr8
| I’m
| idk
| thanks
| im
| tonight
| msg
| I don’t know.
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| Read these messages. What do they mean?
XXXV.Suggest Russian translation to English Idioms:
English phrase
| Russian phrase
| with an open mind
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| time will tell
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| have a slight edge
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| appear out of place
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| the general pattern continues
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| take stock of (something)
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| convenient reach
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| adds further credence to
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| has much to recommend it
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| we take issue with
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| the most prominent example
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| have half a point
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| are at odds with
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| hard-and-fast guidelines
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| is open ended
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| the... has been less encouraging
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| no less a person than x
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| bring to a head
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| outperform
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| take great pain
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| establish which is the case
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| develop from first principles
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| develop from scratch
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| bring to a sharper focus
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| agreement is in the 2-3 percent range
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| take a nosedive
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| just enough to
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| far outweighs
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| from then onward
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| in house
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| make major headway
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| a) a word should be said about
b) a few words are in order about
c) it is appropriate to provide some comment concerning
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| be the driving force behind (something)
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| ironclad proof
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| is all significant
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| is still in its infancy
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| ins and outs
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| true to size
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| be in a poor state of repair
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| worker morale
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| be second to (something)
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| add a new dimension to (something)
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| Тема 2. Грамматические вопросы перевода
Life is a verb, not a noun.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman (American writer)
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